attention

Question 1

Selection

Answer 1

The act of attending to an object to select it apart from the unattended objects

Question 2

Automatic processes

Answer 2

Involuntary “capture”
Fast, efficient and obligatory
Like an ambulance siren catching attention

Question 3

Controlled processes

Answer 3

Conscious attention
Slow and effortful
Driving is an example

Question 4

Salient information

Answer 4

Info that is hard to miss or captures your attention immediately

Question 5

Objects within the spotlight

Answer 5

Faster reaction time and higher accuracy

Question 6

Cuing paradigms

Answer 6

Test the automatic processes of attention
Our attentional spotlight is automatically attracted to cues

Question 7

Spotlight model vs filter

Answer 7

Enhance the stimulus : spotlight (more for visual)
Suppress the noise: filter (more for auditory)

Question 8

Breakthrough

Answer 8

Participants remember unattended information

Question 9

Broadbent theory

Answer 9

Includes a single filter and explains the findings of the shadow parading but not the breakthrough effect

Question 10

Stroop task

Answer 10

Pushes our attention skills to its limits. Manipulates the congruency of text colour and text meaning. Demonstrates that attention is facilitated by stimulus relevance

Question 11

Flashbulb memories

Answer 11

Highly detailed memory but not really accurate always

Question 12

Bottom up processing

Answer 12

The raw data gathered by our senses. Could also capture your attention automatically

Question 13

Top down processing

Answer 13

Using a combo of memory, biases, and heuristics to interpret info

Question 14

Overt attending

Answer 14

Process of looking to where you are attending

Question 15

Covert orienting

Answer 15

Attending to something without looking at it

Question 16

Inhibition of return (IOR)

Answer 16

Prevent your gaze from revisiting a previously attended location. Scans for new areas. Can be slower to detect targets at the cued area

Question 17

Visual search paradigms

Answer 17

A task where the participant is required to locate a target among a set of distractor items

Question 18

Pop out effect

Answer 18

Bottom up attention. Search time is unaffected by set size

Question 19

Conjunctive search

Answer 19

No pop out, must examine 2 or more items and as set size increases so does the search time

Question 20

schema

Answer 20

A representation depicting the range of plausible objects and likely configurations of those objects within particular scenes

Question 21

Cocktail party effect or selective attention

Answer 21

Despite competing noises you can focus on a single info

Question 22

Dichotic listening paradigm

Answer 22

Headphones where one ear presents attended info and other with unattended info

Question 23

Inattentional blindness

Answer 23

Our limited attentional resources can result in missing out some very imp details

Question 24

Change blindness paradigm

Answer 24

A change has occurred in the visual scene but the observer does not notice

Question 25

Bottleneck

Answer 25

Only a limited amount of attentional info based on physical traits can be passed on for further processing (broadbent)

Question 26

Broadbent early selection theory

Answer 26

Our attentional filter is located early in the process. Info is filtered out before semantic processing

Question 27

Attenuation theory by treisman

Answer 27

Unattended info is not completely filtered but rather turned down or attenuated. They are assigned weights

Question 28

Late filter model

Answer 28

Suggests filtering occurs after the physical and semantic analysis and only selected info goes for further processing due to limitations in processing capacity