language

Question 1

Language

Answer 1

It is regular; regulated by the rules of grammar. Arbitrary. Lack of resemblance between words and meaning. Productive meaning infinite words can be combined

Question 2

Sapir whorf hypothesis

Answer 2

Language influences our thoughts and the way we perceive and experience the world.

Question 3

Morpheme

Answer 3

The smallest unit of sound that contains information (table)
IN ASL it would be units are signs
Often a word but can also be combined to form other words (tablecloth- 2 morphemes)
Not all morphemes can be individual words; they need to be added to other words (tables- s is also morpheme, cleaning- morpheme clean and morpheme ING)

Question 4

Phonemes

Answer 4

The smallest unit of sound in speech
Example the morpheme dog has three phonemes d, o, g
Languages have different libraries of usable phonemes and rules about how they can be combined

Question 5

Syntax or grammar

Answer 5

The rules that govern how words in a sentence are put together. Relates to regularity. Sentences can be syntactically correct without any semantic meaning

Question 6

Semantic

Answer 6

Meaning of words

Question 7

Babbling at 8 weeks (cooing sounds;vowels)

Answer 7

Characterized by drawn out sounds made up of a variety of combinations of vowels and consonants. May sound like a real sentence coz of the use of inflection and rhythm in the production of the babble. Combinations progress to real words

Question 8

When does language explode in comlexity

Answer 8

Between 1.5 to 6 years. Vocabulary increases

Question 9

Early speech segmentation

Answer 9

Speech segmentation has a strong positive correlation to expressive vocabulary in infants (2 years)
Good speech segmentation children had larger expressive vocabulary
Poor speech segmentation= smaller expressive vocabulary

Question 10

Infants can distinguish between more what

Answer 10

Distinguish between more phonemes than adults.

Question 11

Universal phoneme sensitivity

Answer 11

The ability of infants to discriminate between any sounds they’re tested on. Includes sounds from non native language. The head turn procedure is used to differentiate between phonemes. BY the end of first year they lose this ability

Question 12

Over extension

Answer 12

Categorize objects too broadly. For eg family dog is called doggie and the kid starts calling all four legged animals doggie
Over regularization (grammar): using I played and I runnned

Question 13

Under extension

Answer 13

Categorize objects too specifically. Example calls her dog doggie only and no other dogs.

Question 14

Language acquisition device (universal rules)

Answer 14

An innate mechanism present only in humans that helps language development rapidly according to universal rules

Question 15

Onomatopoeia

Answer 15

Exception to the arbitrary nature of language. Sound of the word is associated with the meaning. Meow, splash, hiccup.

Question 16

Transparent orthographies

Answer 16

Consistent letter to sound correspondence so that a given letter will always make the same sound. Children learning languages with TO will learn it faster

Question 17

Perceptual narrowing

Answer 17

The process where one loses the ability to distinguish between contrasts in sounds not used in one’s native language

Question 18

Infant directed speech

Answer 18

Talking in a high pitched voice with infants. Helps distinguish the vowels

Question 19

Broca area

Answer 19

Damage leads to difficulty in production of fluent speech but can perfectly understand

Question 20

Wernicke’s area

Answer 20

Speak fluently but it makes no sense. Also have difficulty understanding written and spoken languages

Question 21

Pragmatics

Answer 21

The skill that allows children to communicate appropriately and effectively in a social situation such as taking turns in a convo

Question 22

Holophrastic phase

Answer 22

Children use a single word to indicate the meaning of an entire sentence

Question 23

Fast mapping

Answer 23

when children learn the meaning of the word only within one to two encounters with it

Question 24

Expressive vocab

Answer 24

Words that children can actually speak

Question 25

Receptive vocab

Answer 25

Words that children can understand but may not yet speak. Develops before expressive vocab