Problem Solving Flashcards
Deductive Reasoning
when a person works from ideas and general info to arrive at a specific conclusion
Inductive Reasoning
moving from specific facts and observations to broader generalizations and theories
Insight problem
a special category of problems that are designed to test your ability to “think outside the box”
Reliability
the extent to which repeated testing produces consistent results
validity
the extent to which a test is actually measuring what the researcher claims to be measuring
The Flynn Effect
The observation that raw IQ test scores have been on the rise since 1932 - possibly the result of increased quality of education, increased access to info, increased nutrition and health, increased access to technology
Schema
A mental frame work for interpreting the world around us
Assimilation
Incorporating new information into existing schemas
Accommodation
modifying existing schemas to fit incompatible information
Piagets stages of cognitive development
Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational
Sensorimotor
(Born-2) A child begins to recognize that he can affect change on his environment. This stage ends with object permanence - idea that objects are there even when you cant see them
Preoperational
(2-7) Must master egocentrism (understanding the world from others perspectives), seriation, reversible relations, conservation
Concrete Operational
(7-12) struggles and must learn abstract terms and reason based hypothesis
Formal Operational
(above 12) mastered abstract terms, works with hypothesis and does all adult cognitive tasks
Confirmation bias
a tendency to see out information that directly supports the hypothesis
