Language

Question 1

What are the criteria for a true language

Answer 1

regular, arbitrary and productive

Question 2

Regular

Answer 2

governed by rules and grammer

Question 3

arbitrary

Answer 3

the specific sound that is assigned to a concept does not need to represent it in any way

Question 4

Productive

Answer 4

almost limitless ways to combine words to describe objects situations and actions

Question 5

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Answer 5

language influences our thoughts and the way we perceive and experience the world

Question 6

Morpheme

Answer 6

The smallest units of language that contains information

Question 7

Phonemes

Answer 7

The smallest units of language

Question 8

Syntax

Answer 8

The rules that govern how sentences are put together - aka grammar

Question 9

semantics

Answer 9

the meaning of each individual word

Question 10

Universal phoneme sensitivity

Answer 10

The ability for infants to discriminate between virtually all sounds that they’ve been tested on

Question 11

Social learning theory

Answer 11

without exposure to adequate sources of language, children will fail to develop language skills

Question 12

Overextensions

Answer 12

when children apply a rule too broadly

Question 13

overregularization

Answer 13

where a child makes a syntactical error by applying a grammatical rule too broadly

Question 14

underextensions

Answer 14

when children apply a rule to a specific object only

Question 15

Language acquisition device

Answer 15

an innate mechanism, present only in humans, that helps language develop rapidly according to universal rules

Question 16

Cooing

Answer 16

infants begin cooing at around 12 weeks, making sounds that combine consonants with ‘oo’ and ‘ah’ sounds

Question 17

expressive vocabulary

Answer 17

words the children can actually speak

Question 18

fast mapping

Answer 18

when children learn the meaning of a word after only 1 or 2 encounters with it

Question 19

Holophrastic phase

Answer 19

when a child uses a single word tp indicate the meaning of an entire sentence

Question 20

Infant-directed speech

Answer 20

when people talk to infants they tend to speak in a higher pitch and exaggerate changes in pitch and use of rhythm. The exaggerated changes in pitch used helps 6-7 month old’s discriminate between vowel sounds

Question 21

Naming explosion

Answer 21

also called word spurts. a rapid expansion of vocabulary seen between the ages of 18-24 months

Question 22

Perceptual Narrowing

Answer 22

The process where one loses the ability to distinguish between contrasts in sounds not used in one’s native language

Question 23

Pragmatics

Answer 23

The skills that allow children to communicate appropriately and effectively in social situations

Question 24

Receptive vocabulary

Answer 24

words that children can understand but may not yet speak - develops into expressive vocabulary

Question 25

Telegraphic speech

Answer 25

begins between 18-24 months. use short phrases that contain only the most crucial information they are trying to communicate

Question 26

Transparent orthographies

Answer 26

consistent letter-to-sound correspondence, so that a given letter will always make the same sound