Memory

Question 1

Encoding

Answer 1

when information is first being learned

Question 2

storage

Answer 2

describes what information is being stored in the brain and how

Question 3

retrieval

Answer 3

describes how we access prior experience to make use of them in the present

Question 4

Retrieval cue

Answer 4

any piece of information that can be used to access other information that is stored in memory

Question 5

Free recall test

Answer 5

very few retrieval cues are provided, participants are simply asked to remember as many items as they can from the encoding phase with no additional information to help them remember

Question 6

recognition test

Answer 6

the participant is shown several items: some of which were not previously show and some that were and are asked to identify the items that were previously shown

Question 7

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 7

the inability to commite new information to memory

Question 8

Multi-stored model

Answer 8

assumes incoming sensory information is first stored in a short-term memory buffer and then transferred to the long-term fir mire permanent storage

Question 9

Primacy effect

Answer 9

memory preformance is good for items encoded early in the list - increased by increasing time between item presentation

Question 10

recency effect

Answer 10

the ability to remember the last items on the list because they are still active in short term memory - can be diminished by disrupting info

Question 11

Shallow level of encoding

Answer 11

• requires little effort
• encode physical characteristics
• poor memory preformance

Question 12

deeper level of encoding

Answer 12

• requires significant effort
• encode semantic characteristics
• better memory preformance

Question 13

moderate level of encoding

Answer 13

• encoding requires some effort
• encode acoustic characteristics
• moderate memory preformance

Question 14

encoding specificity

Answer 14

even when you encode a word in a memory experiment, you are encoding all of the specific aspects of that experience

Question 15

Interference

Answer 15

an inability to access information form memory due to other similar information ‘competing for retrieval’

Question 16

Fluency

Answer 16

The ease with which an experience is processed - familiar experiences are generally processed more fluently

Question 17

Attribution

Answer 17

judgement tying together causes with effects

Question 18

Central Executive

Answer 18

Coordinates and manipulates the information stored in the working memory buffers

Question 19

Chunking

Answer 19

The process by which information is organized into sets of familiar groups and categories of items, which can help increase the total number of items stored in memory

Question 20

Decay Theory

Answer 20

the idea that forgetting occurs because memories naturally fade over time

Question 21

Echoic Memory

Answer 21

sensory memory for our auditory system

Question 22

False fame effect

Answer 22

we attribute fame to a name since we cannot remember where we have seen it before

Question 23

Haptic Memory

Answer 23

sensory memory for our tactile system

Question 24

iconic memory

Answer 24

sensory memory for our visual system

Question 25

Misinformation effect

Answer 25

The creation of false memories by incorporating new erroneous information with an old memory

Question 26

Proactive interference

Answer 26

Information learned prior to a specific memory interferes with its retrieval

Question 27

Repressed Memory

Answer 27

A painful memory that has been forgotten as a defense mechanism

Question 28

Self-referent effect

Answer 28

Information encoded with ‘me-in-mind’ is better remembered than information encoded with something or someone else in mind