Influence of Others

Question 1

Co-actors

Answer 1

Individuals preforming the same task along with you

Question 2

Audience

Answer 2

a group of people observing you preforming a task

Question 3

Social Facilitation

Answer 3

The presence of co-actors or an audience affects preformance on a variety of tasks

Question 4

Zajonc theory

Answer 4

tge presence of others increases your arousal or physiological activity enhancing simple tasks and hindering complex task preformance

Question 5

Social Learning Theory

Answer 5

we learn appropriate behaviors by modeling and imitating the behavior of others

Question 6

Norms

Answer 6

guide the way we interact with others and the world around us and act as unwritten but commonly accepted rules for how to behave

Question 7

Conformiry

Answer 7

Where we match our own behavior with that of the groups standards

Question 8

Norm formation

Answer 8

the converging of responses to align with others despite different starting points of the individual participants

Question 9

Normative function

Answer 9

The role of others in setting norms or standards of conduct - conform due to fear of rejection

Question 10

Informational function

Answer 10

provides information about reality in an ambiguous situation - conforming due to not knowing how to act

Question 11

Group Plarization

Answer 11

decision making in a group tends to lead to more extreme views by strengthening the original inclinations of the individual members

Question 12

Groupthink

Answer 12

A group decision making environment where group cohesiveness becomes so strong that it tends to override realistic appraisal of alternative opinions

Question 13

Pluralistic Ignorance

Answer 13

When each individual in a group sees nobody responding in a given situation, they conclude that the situation is not an emergecy

Question 14

diffusion of responsibility

Answer 14

in deciding whether you act on an emergency we look to see how many others are nearby and what specialized skills they might have. if there are many others around, particularly anyone with special skills you are less likely to act

Question 15

Social loafing

Answer 15

special case of diffusion of responsibility in which individuals seem to be less motivated when working in a group than when working alone

Question 16

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 16

a state of psychological discomfort brought on by conflict between a person’s actions and their beliefs

Question 17

When to use a one-sided argument

Answer 17

When audience is initially leaning towards your position

Question 18

When to use a two-sided argument

Answer 18

when audience disagrees with your position

Question 19

Central Appeal

Answer 19

Well reasoned, factual, two-sided argument - effective on academic audiences

Question 20

Peripheral Appeal

Answer 20

well presented, easy to understand messages - effective for non-academic audiences

Question 21

The foot in the door technique

Answer 21

gradual escalation of demands

Question 22

low-ball technique

Answer 22

compliance is secured at a smaller cost only to later reveal additional costs while making the initial decision seem irreversible

Question 23

Bystander effect

Answer 23

People are less likely to offer help when others are present

Question 24

Deindividuation

Answer 24

When people are part of a bigger group they can sometimes lose sight of their individuality

Question 25

Negative state relief model

Answer 25

we help others because we would feel distressed if we didn’t

Question 26

Norm of reciprocity

Answer 26

we expect reciprocity when we help someone