Attention

Question 1

Selection

Answer 1

The act of attending to an object to select it apart from the unattended objects

Question 2

Attention

Answer 2

our conscious ability to attend to the information that is relevant to our goals

Question 3

Automatic Processes

Answer 3

Triggered involuntarily by external events which often trigger the capture of attention

Question 4

controlled processes

Answer 4

guide attention voluntarily and consciously to objects of interest

Question 5

Spotlight model

Answer 5

Your attentional spotlight focuses on only part of the environment at a time, enhancing that specific stimuli

Question 6

Filter Model

Answer 6

attention process to a filter which sifts away distractions and only allows important information through

Question 7

Broadbent’s model

Answer 7

The attention filter selects important information of the basis of physical characteristics and allows that information to continue on for further processing

Question 8

Breakthrough effect

Answer 8

Participants remember unattended information particularly if its highly relevant

Question 9

Treisman’s Model

Answer 9

Information first passes through the physical filter where info is evaluated based on these physical cues. the filter weights the importance of incoming stimuli based on theses physical cues and passes along all the information to the semantic filter. as info passes through the semantic filter it is evaluated for meaning. then it determines what should be further processed

Question 10

The stroop task

Answer 10

participants are presented with a word on a screen and asked to state aloud the color the font is displayed in

Question 11

congruent words

Answer 11

the word and the color it’s displayed in match

Question 12

incongruent words

Answer 12

the word and the color it is displayed om do not match

Question 13

Proportion congruent manipulation

Answer 13

Change the ratio of congruent to incongruent trials - high congruent = increased stroop effect

Question 14

Visual Search task

Answer 14

subjects look for a target in an array of distracters

Question 15

Set size

Answer 15

the number of items to search through

Question 16

set size effect

Answer 16

increase in difficulty as a set size increases - only works if pop-out effect is not in play

Question 17

Pop-out effect

Answer 17

when the object of a visual search is easily found, regardless of set size

Question 18

Conjunction search task

Answer 18

involves identifying a target by considering two or more features

Question 19

Attenuation theory

Answer 19

unattended information is not completely filtered out but rather tuned down

Question 20

bottom-up processing

Answer 20

the raw data gathered by our senses

Question 21

Change blindness

Answer 21

a perceptual phenomenon where a change has occurred in a visual scene but the observer does not notice or cannot identify it

Question 22

Cocktail party effect

Answer 22

despite competing background noises, a listener can focus on a single channel of information

Question 23

covert orienting

Answer 23

attending to something without looking at it

Question 24

Dichotic listening paradigm

Answer 24

participants wear headphones where one message is presented to one ear and a different message is presented to the other ear. the participant is typically instructed to shadow in the attended ear

Question 25

Inattentional blindness

Answer 25

our limited attentional resources can result in missing out some very important or salient things

Question 26

Inhibition of Return

Answer 26

IOR tends to prevent your gaze from revisiting a previously attended location. in turn, promotes orienting towards new and previously unsearched locations, which should result in a more efficient search

Question 27

Overt attending

Answer 27

the obvious process of looking to where you are attending

Question 28

Top-down processing

Answer 28

using a combination of our memories, biases, and heuristics to interpret information