Forming Impressions Flashcards
Covariation Theory
Predicts how you determine if a given behavior is due to an individual’s personal disposition or the situation and circumstances
What variables are considered in covariation theory
Consensus, distinctiveness, consistency
Consensus
Considers how others behave in the given situation
Distinctiveness
Considers how a given person behaves in other situations
Consistnecy
considers how this person behaves in this situation at other times
What variables lead to the conclusion of situational attribution
High consensus, high distinctiveness and high consistency
What variables lead to the conclusion of dispositional attribution
Low consensus, low distinctiveness, high consistency
What variables lead to the conclusion of wider situational attribution
low or high consensus and distinctiveness but low consistency
Correspondent Inference Theory
focuses solely on the internal factors influencing a person’s behavior to understand what motivates those personal behaviors
What variables are associated with correspondent inference theory
degree of choice, expectation, intended consequence
Degree of choice
describes the amount of freedom an actor had in choosing their opinion or behavior
Expectation
The degree to which an individuals behavior in a particular social role matches our expectations for that role
Intended Consequence
Describe as the goals and motivations of an actor that shape their behavior
Fundamental Attribution Error
A tendency to over-value dispositional factors while under-valuing situational factors
Actor/observer effect
You as an actor are better aware of the situational factors but as an observer assume actions represent dispositional factors
Self-serving bias
causes you to identify dispositional causes for your successes but situational causes for your failures
Above average effect
The illusion that you are above average at things that are important to you because of self-serving bias
Representative Heuristic
You classify people by considering how well their behavior fits with a certain prototype
Availability Heuristic
Classify people considering information that quickly and easily comes to mind
Factors effecting who you consider attractive
Proximity, familiarity, physical attractiveness and others’ opinions of us
Proximity
Considers functional and physical distance, more likely to become friends with those of greater proximity
Familiarity
Explains why you tend to rate faces of people you have seen before as being more attractive
Mere exposure effect
describes the tendency to feel more positive towards things that are familiar, even if only seen once or twice in the past
Physical attractiveness
On the presumption that what is beautiful is good
