Prions Flashcards
Examples of prions
-fore
-kuru
-mad cows
-CDJ
who discovered Kuru
Carleton GaJdusek
Who have Kuru and where are they from
Papua, New Guinea and it is the fore people
What is Kuru
-KURU - Disease known since early 1900’s
“Kuru” in Fore language → “Shivering”
-Disease progression:
Uncontrollable muscular twitching
Decreased muscular coordination
(Cerebellar ataxia)
Decreased ability to walk
Use of sticks as crutches
-Dementia
Disease also known as “Laughing Illness”
Progression to muscle atrophy and paralysis
Death
What is interesting about Kuru brains
they have these huge vacuoles
-Vacuolar spongiform degeneration of neurons
“Kuru” plaques
No inflammation
Which virus is CJD similar to
Kuru
CJD
-A rare sporadic disease of the elderly worldwide
-Incidence 1 per 2,000,000 population per year
i.e. expect about 4 cases per year in Quebec
(population 7,500,000
-Also very similar to 2 genetic syndromes:
Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Syndrome (GSS)
Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI)
-Familial lineages with very high incidence within families of spongiform encephalopathy
Pourcentage of people getting kuru
Incidence approaching 40% in affected villages
50% of male and female children
60% of adult women
3% of adult males
True or false: Kuru was easily isolated
FALSEEE
They tried to inject kuru brains into chimps and they could not get anything
Scrapie
Scrapie:
-contageous disease
caused
- trembling
- ataxia
- weakness
- strange behavior
- ultimately leading to paralysis and death
Histopathology:
- spongiform encephalopathy without inflammation
- kuru plaques and microfibrillar arrays
True or false scrapie is a non contageous disease
False
-flock which has never been exposed will never
develop the disease
-But if an infected sheep were put into an uninfected flock
-Then all animals in the flock would develop the disease
- only after a 2-5 year incubation period!
-So, Gajdusek telegraphed Australia to check on the chimpanzees from his original brain inoculations
-They were all trembling and badly coordinated
-Their brains showed spongiform encephalopathy!
How did scientists made it work to study kuru
a guy at ucsf inoculated scrapie brain tissue in hamsters and they developed symptoms 30-35 days after inoculation
what did scientits find while studying scrapie brains sds page
-Prusiner fractionated infected brain tissue and assayed it for infectivity
-Infectivity was concentrated in membrane associated fractions
-Analyzing these tissue fractions on SDS-PAGE gels
He found that infected sheep brains contained a protein band that was not present in the uninfected sheep brains
-Similar findings were found in all cases of spongiform encephalopathy in Kuru, CJD, scrapie, etc.
True or false: treatments that affect scrapie were tratments that inactivated nucleic acids?
falseeeee it was treatments that inactivate proteins
Chemical denaturants (alkali, phenol, SDS, etc.)
Proteases
Treatments that inactivate nucleic acid
UV light
psoralens
X-irradiation
DNAse