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Histopathology > principles of staining > Flashcards

principles of staining Flashcards

1
Q

– is the process of applying dyes on the sections to see and study the architectural pattern of the tissue and physical characteristics of the cells.

A

Staining

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2
Q

3 Major Groups of Staining

A
  1. Histological Staining
  2. Histochemical Staining
  3. Immunohistochemical Staining
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3
Q

-Process whereby the tissue constituents are demonstrated in sections by direct interaction with a dye or staining solution, producing coloration of the active tissue component.

A

Histological Staining

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4
Q

Stains in histological staining

A

a. micro-anatomic stains
b. bacterial stains
c. specific tissue stains

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5
Q

-various constituents of tissues are studied thru chemical reactions that will permit microscopic localization of a specific tissue substance

A

Histochemical Staining (Histochemistry)

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6
Q

Stains in Histochemical Staining (Histochemistry)

A

a. Perl’s Prussian Blue –>Hemoglobin

b. Periodic Acid Schiff –> CHO

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7
Q

-combination of immunologic and histochemical techniques that allow phenotypic markers to be detected and demonstrated under the microscope, using a wide range of polyclonal or monoclonal, fluorescent labeled or enzymelabeled antibodies

A

Immunohistochemical Staining

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8
Q

Methods of Staining

A
  1. Direct Staining
  2. Indirect Staining
    Progressive Staining
    Regressive Staining
    Differentiation (Decolorization)
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9
Q

process of giving color to the sections by using aqueous or alcoholic dye solutions
e.g. methylene blue & eosin

A

Direct Staining

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10
Q

the action of the dye is intensified by adding another agent or MORDANT

A

Indirect Staining

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11
Q

serves as a link between the tissue and the dye

A

MORDANT

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12
Q

Examples of Mordant

A

Potassium alum w/ hematoxylin in Ehrlich’s hematoxylin

Iron in Weigert’s hematoxylin

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13
Q

accelerates or hastens the speed of the staining reaction by increasing the staining power and selectivity of the dye.

A

Accentuator

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14
Q

Examples of accentuator

A

Potassium hydroxide in Loeffler’s methylene blue

Phenol in Carbol thionine in carbol fuchsin

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15
Q
  • Process whereby tissue elements are stained in a definite sequence and applied for a specific period of time
  • it is not washed or decolorized
A

Progressive Staining

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16
Q
  • The tissue is first overstained to obliterate the cellular details and the excess stain is removed or decolorized from
    unwanted parts of the tissue, until the desired intensity of color is obtained
A

Regressive Staining

17
Q

-selective removal of excess stain from the tissue during regressive staining

A

Differentiation (Decolorization)

18
Q

acts differentiator for both Basic and Acid Dye

A

Alcohol

19
Q

-use of specific dyes w/c differentiate particular substances w/ a color that is different from that of the stain itself

A

Metachromatic Staining

20
Q
  • tissue components combine w/ these dyes form a different color
  • belongs to the thizine and triphenylmethane group
A

Metachromatic Staining

21
Q

Metachromatic Staining

A

ex. 1. Methyl violet 6. Methylene blue
2. Cresyl blue 7. Thionine
3. Safranin 8. Toluidine blue
4. Bismark brown 9. Azure A and B
5. Basic fuchsin

22
Q

True or False: All metachromatic dyes are cations or basic

A

true

23
Q

-application of a different color or stain to provide contrast and background to the staining of the structural components to be demonstrated

A

Counterstaining

24
Q

-specific tissue elements are demonstrated not by stains, but by colorless solutions of metallic salts

A

Metallic Impregnation

25
Q

Black deposits

A

Metallic Salts, Ammoniacal silver

26
Q

is a selective staining of living cells constituents

A

Vital Staining

27
Q

Recommended for Mitochondria

A

Janus green

28
Q
  • Injection of dye into any part of the animal body.

- Producing specific colorization of certain cells

A

Intravital Staining

29
Q

Intravital Staining examples:

A
  1. Lithium
  2. Carmine
  3. India ink
30
Q

-used to stain living cells immediately after removal from the living body

A

Supravital Staining

31
Q

Examples of Supravital Staining

A
  1. Neutral Dye – best vital dye
  2. Janus green – recommended for mitochondria
  3. Trypan blue
  4. Nile blue
  5. Thionine
  6. Toluidine blue
32
Q

Best vital dye

A

Neutral Dye/red

Histopathology (14 decks)

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