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Histopathology > Microtomy > Flashcards

Microtomy Flashcards

1
Q

-Process by which the processed tissue is trimmed and cut unto uniformly thin slices or “sections” to facilitate studies under the microscope.

A

Microtomy

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2
Q

capable of cutting a section at a predetermined thickness by sliding the block into a cutting tool, usually a steel knife,
glass and diamond blade, which is fixed and attached to the machine.

A

-Microtome

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3
Q

3 Essential Parts of Microtome

A
  1. Block Holder
  2. Knife Carrier and Knife
  3. Pawl, Ratchet Feed Wheel and
    Adjustment Screws
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4
Q
  • where the tissue is held in position
A

Block Holder

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5
Q
  • for actual cutting of tissue sections
A

. Knife Carrier and Knife

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6
Q

Pawl, Ratchet Feed Wheel and

Adjustment Screws

A
  • to line up the tissue block in the proper position with the knife, adjusting the proper thickness of the tissue for successive sections
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7
Q

5 Kinds of Microtomes

A
  1. Rocking Microtome
  2. Rotary Microtome
  3. Sliding Microtome
  4. Freezing Microtome
  5. Ultrathin Microtome
  6. Cryostat or cold microtome
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8
Q

. Rocking Microtome

-for cutting serial sections of large blocks of paraffin embedded tissues

A

Rocking Microtome

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9
Q

-for cutting paraffin embedded sections

A

Rotary Microtome

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10
Q

for cutting celloidin embedded sections

A

Sliding Microtome

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11
Q

for cutting unembedded frozen sections

A

. Freezing Microtome

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12
Q

-for cutting sections for electron microscopy

A

Ultrathin Microtome

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13
Q

for cutting sections for Electron Microscope

A

Cryostat or cold microtome

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14
Q

-invited by Paldwell Trefall (1881)

A

Rocking (Cambridge) Microtome

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15
Q

Simplest microtome

Consist of: a. Heavy base
b. Two arms

A

Rocking (Cambridge) Microtome

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16
Q

Resting on pivots and supporting
column and attached the
micrometer screw at the base of
which is found the ratchet wheel

A

Lower Arm

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17
Q

Carrying the block holder on one
end by means of screw,
connected to a lever by a piece
of nylon thread

A

Upper Arm

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18
Q

-tissue cut in 10-12 u thickness

A

Rocking (Cambridge) Microtome

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19
Q

Rocking (Cambridge) Microtome is available in two sizes such as:

A

a. Small blocks of paraffin tissues

b. Large blocks of paraffin tissues

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20
Q

-theoretically not recommended for serial sections

A

. Rocking (Cambridge) Microtome

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21
Q
  • not favored in most laboratories because of the restrictions in size
  • There is difficulty in orienting the block.
A

Rocking (Cambridge) Microtome

22
Q

-invented by Minot in 1885-86

A

Rotary Microtome

23
Q

most common type used for both routine and research laboratories

A

Rotary Microtome

24
Q

Electrically Driven Rotary Microtome also now available and can be ideally used when to produce ribbons for serial
sections

A

Rotary Microtome

25
Q
  • operated by rotation of the flywheel

* causing reciprocal motion of the knife over the block

A

Rotary Microtome

26
Q

In rotary microtome, the thickness of the section is regulated by

A

ratchet feed wheel

27
Q

used to come in contact with the ratchet wheel w/c in turn rotates the micrometer screw

A

Pawl

28
Q

: make the block parallel to the microtome knife at all planes

A

Adjustment screws

29
Q

-developed by Adams in 1789

A

Sliding Microtome

30
Q

2 Types of Sliding Microtome

A

I. Base-Sledge Microtome

II. Standard Sliding Microtome

31
Q

-consists of 2 movable pillars holding the adjustable knife clamps, allowing the knife to be set at an angle for
cutting celloidin sections.

A

Base-Sledge Microtome

32
Q

-the chunk or block holder can be moved backward and forwards under the knife

A

Base-Sledge Microtome

33
Q
  • favored for hard and large blocks sectioning.

- sections are cut flat, allowing excellent serial sections

A

Base-Sledge Microtome

34
Q

-the block remains stationary while knife is moved backward and forward

A

Standard Sliding Microtome

35
Q

-mainly developed for cutting celloidin embedded tissue blocks

A

Standard Sliding Microtome

36
Q

-more dangerous because of the movable knife

A

Standard Sliding Microtome

37
Q
  • Recommended for cutting extremely hard and rough tissue blocks
  • It is the most dangerous type of microtome due to the movable exposed knife
A

Standard Sliding Microtome

38
Q

-invented by Queckett in 1848

A

Freezing Microtome

39
Q

-the stage for block holder is hollow and perforated around its perimeter

A

Freezing Microtome

40
Q
  • w/ flexible lead pipe thru CO2 passes from a cylinder
  • lever operated valve allows the release of rapid and intermittent burst of CO2
  • a cooling device for lowering the temperature of the knife to facilitate sectioning
A

Freezing Microtome

41
Q
  • It is used to cut undehydrated thin to semi-thin sections of fresh, frozen tissues, especially in instances when rapid
    diagnosis is required.
    -although other microtomes can be modified for cutting frozen section, this type will give the best results and is almost
    used universally.
A

Freezing Microtome

42
Q

-Used to cut:
a. undehydrated tissues for rapid diagnosis
b. histological demonstration of fats
c. for certain neurological structures
d. for sensitive tissue constituents
damaged by heat

A

Freezing Microtome

43
Q

-is a refrigerated apparatus used for fresh tissue microtomy
-consist of microtome (rotary microtome) kept inside a cold chamber w/c maintained the temperature between -5 to -
300C (ave. -200C) by an adjustable thermostat.

A

Cryostat or Cold Microtome

44
Q

capable of freezing fresh tissues w/in 2-3 minutes

A

-Thermostat

45
Q

-used for urgent biopsies for intraoperative diagnosis

A

Cryostat or Cold Microtome

46
Q

-equipped with a glass or gem diamond knife is used to cut very thin sections( typically 60-100
nm)
-Examined using Transmission electron microscope

A

Ultrathin Microtome

47
Q

-Primarily used for cutting tissue sections at 0.5 micra for electron microscopy

A

Ultrathin Microtome

48
Q

-Cutting sections of 4 Micra

A

Cryostat or Cold Microtome

49
Q

-The knife used to cut ultrathin sections is consist of broken plate glass

A

Ultrathin Microtome

50
Q

Routine Cryostat sections are cut at what Temperature?

A

-20 Degrees Celsius

51
Q

Which of the following microtomes is used for rapid processing?

A

Rotary

52
Q

The most dangerous type of microtome:

A

Sliding

Histopathology (14 decks)

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