Histopath Lab Quiz Flashcards
1
Q
All vital cellular processes stop when the cell or tissue is fixed. Which statement is true?
A. Some vital processes are still on like the cell redox action.
B. The statement above is true, all vital cellular processes stop when tissue is fixed.
C. No, tissue processes does not stop at all after fixation.
D. None of the above.
A
B. The statement above is true, all vital cellular processes stop when tissue is fixed.
2
Q
2. What is the optimal pH for best fixation of tissues for biopsy? A. Alkaline range B. Acidic range C. Neutral range D. Semi acidic range.
A
C. Neutral range
3
Q
- What will happen if fixation will not happen in the optimal pH range?
A. Some tissue proteins will be denatured and cell structure will be distorted.
B. Fixation will still occur, but will not be of optimal results.
C. Fixation will be a failure and tissue/cell will undergo autolysis.
D. None of the above.
A
A. Some tissue proteins will be denatured and cell structure will be distorted.
4
Q
4. Fixation of surgical specimens is traditionally carried out at room temperature specifically. A. 35-36 C B. 24-25 C C. 20-23 C D. 18-20 C
A
B. 24-25 C
5
Q
- If Urgent biopsies are considered and faster fixation is required, what will be the best action to do.
A. Heat up formaldehyde up to 50 C to speed up reaction,
B. Freeze tissue up to -5 C and thaw at room temp.
C. Heat up formaldehyde up up 60 C to speed up reaction.
D. Freeze tissue up to -10 C and thaw at room temp.
A
C. Heat up formaldehyde up up 60 C to speed up reaction.
6
Q
- What are the risks of performing tissue fixation at a higher temperature.
A. Some tissue proteins will be denatured and cell structure will be distorted.
B. Fixation will still occur, but will not be of optimal results.
C. Fixation will be a failure and tissue/cell will undergo autolysis.
D. None of the above.
A
A. Some tissue proteins will be denatured and cell structure will be distorted.
7
Q
7. Which of the following are the composition of 10% Formalin used commonly in laboratories? I. Formaldehyde 40% Ill. Distilled water II. Glutaraldehyde 3% IV. Tap water
A. land Il
b. l and Ill
c. all of the above
d. Il and Ill
A
b. l and Ill
8
Q
8. Which of the following are the composition of 10% Buffered Formalin used commonly in laboratories? I. Formaldehyde 40% phosphate II. Na dihyrogen phosphate Ill. Distilled water IV. Sodium hydrogen phosphate V. Disodium hydrogen
A. land Il
b. I, Il AND Ill
c. all of the above
d. All except IV.
A
d. All except IV.
9
Q
- What is the advantage of using buffered formalin compared to the normal formalin.
A. Buffered formalin is much faster in fixation time.
B. Buffered formalin is less toxic than normal formalin.
C. Buffered formalin does not form pigments.
D. Buffered formalin forms pigments.
A
C. Buffered formalin does not form pigments.
10
Q
10. The maximum effectiveness of fixation is noted to be: A. 10 times the tissue volume. C. 15 times the tissue volume. B. 20 times the tissue volume. D. 25 times the tissue volume.
A
B. 20 times the tissue volume.
11
Q
11. Aside from heat, what are the different ways of increasing the rate of fixation A. Agitation B. Microwave C. Vacuum D. All of the above
A
D. All of the above
12
Q
12. It is the process of removing water from inter cellular and extra cellular compartments of the tissue. A. Dehydration B. Fixation C. Decalcification D. Impregnation
A
A. Dehydration
13
Q
13. Water + Wax = A. Impermeable B. permeable C. Miscible D.Immiscible
A
D.Immiscible
14
Q
14. Xylene + Wax = A. Impermeable B. permeable C. Miscible D.Immiscible
A
C. Miscible
15
Q
15. Alcohol + Wax = A. Impermeable B. permeable C. Miscible D.Immiscible
A
D.Immiscible
16
Q
- What is the proper way to dehydrate tissue?
A. Place in a decreasing concentration of alcohol.
C. Place directly in absolute alcohol.
B. Place in a increasing grade of alcohol.
D. Place in Xylene and Chloroform.
A
B. Place in a increasing grade of alcohol.
17
Q
17. What specific alcohol is used routinely in dehydration: A. Methyl alcohol B. Wood alcohol C. Cedarwood alcohol D. grain alcohol
A
D. grain alcohol
18
Q
- What will happen if tissues are not gradually placed in the proper concentrations of alcohol.
A. It will cause poor physical integrity of the tissue. C. It will cause improper protein tissue balance.
B. It will cause tissue shrinkage.
D. Nothing harmful will happen.
A
B. It will cause tissue shrinkage.
19
Q
19. This process is also known as de-alcoholization. A. Fixation B. Staining C. Clearing D. De calcification
A
C. Clearing
20
Q
20. One goal of de-alcoholization is to: A. Replace alcohol to be immiscible with embedding medium. B. Improve refractive index of tissue. C. Both A and B. D. None of the above
A
B. Improve refractive index of tissue
21
Q
21. Papanicoloau smear was named after\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ who first described it in 1928. A. Dr. Geofrey Papanicoloau B. Dr. Gregorio Papanicoloau C. Dr. George Papanicoloau D.None
A
C. Dr. George Papanicoloau
22
Q
22. Cervical cancer that is mostly sexually transmitted is in associated with what viral strain? A. HCV B. HPV C. Herpes simplex D. Varicella
A
B. HPV
23
Q
23. Samples for pap smear are from scrapings of the: A. Cervical walls C. Mouth B. Vaginal walls D. Neck area
A
A. Cervical walls
24
Q
24. Pap smear is used as a \_\_\_\_ tool for monitoring changes in the transformation zone of the cervix. A. Confirmatory B. Screening C. Excellent D. Gold standard
A
B. Screening
25
```
25. HPV is of what type of virus ?
A. DNA
B. RNA
C. Both
d. Neither
```
A. DNA
26
```
26. The endocervical canal is composed of :
A. Columnar epithelium
C. Squamous epithelium
B. Pseudostratified columnar
D. None
```
A. Columnar epithelium
27
```
27. The exocervix is composed:
A. Columnar epithelium
B. Pseudostratified columnar
C. Squamous epithelium
D. None
```
C. Squamous epithelium
28
```
28. Screening with conventional Pap testing should occur every:
A. One year
B. two years
C. 5 months
D. 2 weeks
```
A. One year
29
```
29. Screening with Liquid based cytology testing should occur every;
A. One year
B. two years
C. 5 months
D. 2 weeks
```
B. two years
30
30. When will screening for PAP smear be advisable:
A. After the age of 18.
B. Within 3 years of the onset of sexual activity.
C. Both A and B
D. None
B. Within 3 years of the onset of sexual activity.
31
31. A Pap test should be performed during the:
A. Second half of the menstrual cycle (Day 14)
B. Last period of the menstrual cycle (Day 28)
C. DAY 15 OF MENSTRUATION.
D. First day of menstruation.
A. Second half of the menstrual cycle (Day 14)
32
```
32. Visualization of the cervix is made possible by the use of a:
A. Microscope
B. Speculum
C. Magnifying glass
D. Optical spatula
```
B. Speculum
32
```
32. Visualization of the cervix is made possible by the use of a:
A. Microscope
B. Speculum
C. Magnifying glass
D. Optical spatula
```
B. Speculum
33
```
33. The spatula is scraped in the squamocolumnar juntion by rotating it:
A. 180 degree
B. 90 degree
C. 190 degree
D. 360 degree
```
D. 360 degree
33
```
33. The spatula is scraped in the squamocolumnar juntion by rotating it:
A. 180 degree
B. 90 degree
C. 190 degree
D. 360 degree
```
D. 360 degree
34
```
34. Initial fixative used in pap smear after collection:
A. Normal Formalin
B. Formol Saline
C. 95% Ethanol &Ether
D. Saline
```
C. 95% Ethanol &Ether
35
35. Cells with small, rounded and basophilic with large nuclei.
Thrombocytes
36
Cells with basophilic with vesicular nuclei.
Centroblasts
37
Cells with acidophilic with pyknotic nuclei.
Superficial cells
38
```
38. A conventional PAP smear has a sensitivity ranging:
A. 47-62%
C. 0- 10%
B. 90-100%
D. 60-090%
```
A. 47-62%
39
```
39. A conventional PAP smear has a specificity ranging:
A. 47 -62%
C. 0-10%
B. 90-100%
D. 60-90%
```
D. 60-90%
40
```
40. Smear findings: Negative for intra-epithelial lesions or malignancy :
A. Abnormal smear
B. Normal Smear
C. Mildly abnormal
D. Moderate to severe.
```
B. Normal Smear
