Principles of perception - Unit 2

Question 1

Proximity

Answer 1

Objects close together will be viewed together visually.

Question 2

Closure

Answer 2

The brain is good at filling gaps to create a whole.

Question 3

Similarity

Answer 3

Two items that share attributes are visually grouped together.

Question 4

Continuity

Answer 4

A line will always appear to continue traveling the same way.

Question 5

Figure & Ground

Answer 5

The blank space is just as important as the filled space.

Question 6

Selective Attention

Answer 6

Person select and focuses on a particular input for further processing while ignoring irrelevant or distracting information.

Question 7

Cocktail Party Effect

Answer 7

Being able to focus on one’s auditory attention while filtering out other noises.

Question 8

Sensory Adaptation

Answer 8

Reduce sensitivity into a continuous, unchanging stimuli.

Question 9

Habituation

Answer 9

Pattern of decreased response to a stimulus after frequently repeated exposure.

Question 10

Inattentional Blindness

Answer 10

Failing to see objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.

Question 11

Change Blindness

Answer 11

Failing to notice change in the environment around us because focus is on something different.

Question 12

Choice Blindness

Answer 12

Failing to notice a change in a previously selected item.

Question 13

Perceptual Constancy

Answer 13

Ability and need to perceive objects as unchanging even as changes may occur in distance, point of view, and illumination.

Question 14

Color Constancy

Answer 14

Perception that the color of an object remains the same even if light conditions change.

Question 15

Size constancy

Answer 15

Perceive objects as the same apparent size regardless of their distance.

Question 16

Shape Constancy

Answer 16

Viewing angle changes or an object rotates we still perceive the object as the same shape.

Question 17

Lightness Constancy

Answer 17

Perception of whiteness, blackness, or grayness of objects remain constant no matter how much illumination has changed.

Question 18

Binocular Cues

Answer 18

Both eyes

Question 19

Retinal Disparity

Answer 19

Binocular cue for perceiving depth: Comparing images from the retinas in two eyes, brain computes distance. Greater disparity between two images, closer the object.

Question 20

Convergence

Answer 20

Binocular cue: two eyes move inward towards the nose to see near objects and outward to see faraway objects.

Question 21

Monocular Cues

Answer 21

1 eye

Question 22

Relative size

Answer 22

Two objects are similar in size, but the smaller it looks the farther away.

Question 22

Interposition

Answer 22

Objects that block other objects tend to be perceived as closer.

Question 22

Relative Clarity

Answer 22

Objects appear sharp clear and detailed to be seen as closer than more hazy objects.

Question 23

Relative Height

Answer 23

Perceive objects who are higher in our field of vision to be farther away than those that are lower.

Question 24

Relative motion

Answer 24

Objects closer to fixation point move faster and opposing direction to those objects that are farther away from fixation point, move slower and in same direction.

Question 25

Linear Perspective

Answer 25

Parallel lines who converge in distance are seen as farther away.

Question 26

Light and shadow

Answer 26

Nearby objects reflrect more light than distant objects. Dimmer one appears to be farther away.

Question 27

Texture Gradient

Answer 27

Dense detail is farther away.

Question 28

Perceptual Set

Answer 28

Tendency to perceive or notice some aspects of available sensory data and ignore others. Tendency given by expectations, culture, etc.