Principles of Micro 3

Question 1

composition of the cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 1

30-40% phospholipid
60-70% protein

with phospholipid bilayer having hydrophilic polar heads and hydrophobic fatty acyl tails

Question 2

function of cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 2

transport
energy production (proton motive force, oxidative phosphorylation, photophosphorylation)
metabolic processes
motility
communication

Question 3

types of transport system

Answer 3

passive: simple and facilitated(rate limited)

active

Question 4

why is gram negative a significant barrier to antibiotics and disinfectants

Answer 4

because it has both a cytoplasmic membrane and an outer membrane

Question 5

what do capsule make possible

Answer 5

makes it hard for the immune system to recognize bacteria – but not all bacteria make capsules and not all that can make them

Question 6

how do you tell difference between capsule and slime layer

Answer 6

capsule is thicker, a lot more of it, not easily removed, and organized while slime layer is the opposite

Question 7

all vaccines are based on understanding what

Answer 7

understanding the capsule and capsular type

Question 8

what is the diameter and length of fimbrae

Answer 8

2-10nm diameter

1-2 micron long

Question 9

do fimbrae have proteins

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

another name for fimbrae

Answer 10

short attachment or common pili

Question 11

importance of pili

Answer 11

pull two cells together to exchange genetic information

Question 12

diameter and length of pili

Answer 12

2-10nm diameter

10 - >20 microns long

Question 13

in comparison to fimbrae, how much pili are there

Answer 13

a lot of fimbrae

few pili

Question 14

protein in pili

Answer 14

pilin

Question 15

descriptive form for no flagella

Answer 15

atrichous

Question 16

descriptive form for single flagella at one end or both ends

Answer 16

polar

Question 17

descriptive form for bunch of flagella at one end

Answer 17

lophotrichous

Question 18

descriptive form for bunch of flagella at both ends

Answer 18

amphitrichous

Question 19

descriptive form for flagella all around the cell

Answer 19

peritrichous

Question 20

difference in prokaryotic and eukaryotic motility

Answer 20

in prokaryotes, the flagellum has propeller like motion

in eukaryotes, cilia has back and forth beating motion

Question 21

filament is made of

Answer 21

flagellin

Question 22

why do gram positive and gram negative produce the same energy

Answer 22

the energy comes from the basal body even though gram neg has plates at both outer membrane and cytoplasmic membrane while gram pos has only at cytoplasmic membrane.

since energy comes from the basal body, it doesn’t matter that gram neg has two sets of plates

Question 23

speed of bacteria

Answer 23

20-90 micrometer/sec

Question 24

importance of endoflagellum spirochetes

Answer 24

digs deep into the mucus layer to get into the tissue it needs to get to

Question 25

example of endoflagellum spirochetes

Answer 25

treponema pallidum