CNS Infections III Flashcards
associated with alphavirus
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus
Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus
Western Equine Encephalitis Virus
associated with flavivirus
St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
West Nile Virus
Japanese Encephalitis Virus
associated with bunyaviridae
California Encephalitis Virus
associated with reoviridae
Colorado Tick Fever Virus
what is abnormal on MRI of West Nile and Eastern Equine Virus
thalamus, basal ganglia, brain stem
what is abnormal on MRI of St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
substantia nigra (or could be normal)
vector, reservoir, and dead end host of west nile virus
vector - mosquito
reservoir - bird
dead end host - horses and humans
vector, reservoir, and dead end host of eastern equine encephalitis virus
vector - mosquito
reservoir - bird
dead end host - human
what has a bridge vector and what is the bridge vector
eastern equine encephalitis virus
mosquito is the bridge vector
west nile virus is most common where
US
what is atypical in CSF in comparison to other viruses in eastern equine encephalitis virus
in CSF of EEEV, the inflammatory cells are 2/3 neutrophils as opposed to lymphocytes in other viruses
it does have normal glucose, increased proteins, and RBCs though
complications and symptoms of Colorado Tick Fever virus
complication - encephalitis or meningitis
symptoms present like meningitis - photophobia, nuchal rigidity, mild altered mental state
which one of the encephalitis uses ELISA with the IgM antibodies as their
west nile virus, eastern equine, california encephalitis, japanese encephalitis, and colorado tick fever
CC JEW
which one of the virus presents with poliomyelitis like (acute flaccid paralysis)
west nile virus
which one of the viruses presents with acute anterior poliomyelitis
non polio enterovirus
viruses seen in non polio enterovirus
enterovirus 71, enterovirus D68, enterovirus 18, coxsackieviruses
what population does one see non polio enterovirus more commonly
neonates and it is sepsis like with 10% mortality rate
common in western US and Canada (mountains)
colorado tick fever virus
common in Lacrosse, Jamestown Canyon, and Tahyna virus
california encephalitis
presents with febrile prodome –> encephalitis
western equine encephalitis
0-2 weeks incubation but could start presenting at 3 days
colorado tick fever virus
has neurologic symptoms hemiparesis, aphasia, chorea, dysarthria
california and japanese encephalitis
virus associated with rabies
rhabdovirus
how does one get rabies
from an animal bite - dog, bat, skunks, raccoons (common in US), foxes
how do you diagnose rabies
– skin biopsy - Immunohistochemical staining - Rabies Ag
– Negri bodies: Intracytoplamsic inclusions in neurons
– Corneal smears – Rabies Ag
– Rabies virus neutralizing Ab – CSF or serum (unimmunized) Direct Ab Test
how do you treat rabies for non immunized people
- wash the wound with soap and water + providone iodine
- give 1 dose of HRIG at site of wound
- then 4 doses of vaccine in different location maybe on opposite limb (Day 0, 3, 7, 14)
how do you treat rabies for immunized people
- wash the wound with soap and water + providone iodine
- give two boosters of vaccine on Day 0 and 3
What does one get from infection with measles
SSPE: sub acute sclerosing panencephalitis
- it mutates and stays dormant then presents a month to years later
- so it is a slow progression of symptoms
how long can it takes to see symptoms of measles
could take 5-15 years post initial infection
but the post initial infection can range from 1 month - 27 years
what is transmission and spread of polio virus
fecal oral route
pharyngeal spread
what decreases the incidence of measles
immunization
what part of the brain does polio affect
anterior horn cells (grey matter)
how many strains and vaccines of polio are available
strain (3) - 1, 2, 3
and 4 vaccines available
what are the vaccines for polio
live oral polio vaccine (OPV) sabin - Monovalent (mOPV1 & mOPV3), Bivalent (bOPV)
inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) - salk
where has polio not been eradicated
Afghanistan, Pakistan, & Nigeria
Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, South Sudan & Cameroon
risk factors for shunt infections
– Premature birth – Previous shunt infection – Cause of hydrocephalus – Length of the shunt procedure – Shunt revision
bacterial etiology of CSF shunt infections
– Staphylococci (epidermidis & aureus)
– Gram negative bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus & Pseudomonas)
– Streptococci
– Diphtheroids (Propionibacterium acnes)
– Anaerobes
– Mixed culture
where does measles start and how does it spread
it starts at the head/neck and spreads downwards
symptoms of measles
coryza, conjuctivis, cough
