Principles of Disease and Pest Control

Question 1

What are the Principles of Control?

Answer 1

Exclusion

Eradication

Resistance

Protection

Question 2

Define Exclusion:

Answer 2

Prevent movement of pathogen into
uninfected areas

Question 3

Define: Eradication

Answer 3

Eliminate or reduce pathogen levels on site

_{<em>(Create conditions that are Unfavorable for the Pathogen)</em>}

Question 4

Define: Resistance

Answer 4

Improve plants ability to tolerate or recover
from attack

Question 5

Define: Protection

Answer 5

Prevent the attack with chemical

Question 6

What are the different Control Methods?

Answer 6

Chemical

Cultural

Biological

Physical

Question 7

Most of the severe problems with plants in america are caused by imported plants or goods that contain imported pests (insects, fungus etc.)

What did the Federal and State governments do to try to prevent this from happening?

Answer 7

• Plant quarantine act of 1912
  
  • _{(Japanese gave us cheery trees that were full of insects, so we decided to make sure everything that comes into the country gets inspected}.)
• APHIS-PPQ inspects everything that comes in.
• **Seed and sod certification programs **
  – State regulatory agencies

Question 8

Exclusion:

Most of the severe problems with plants in america are cause from imported plants or goods that contain imported pests (insects, fungus etc).

What are ways that we can practice sanitation on our own sites to prevent insect and diease from spreading?

Answer 8

• Maintain pathogen free sod nurseries
• Choose plant material from reputable dealer
• Clean equipment between use
• Timing of management practices
  
  • fertilization
  • irrigation
  • aerification

Question 9

Name some cultural practices for eradication of a disease or pest:

Answer 9

• Dry soil to suppress Pythium
• Whip grass to suppress Dollar spot
• Adjust soil pH for take all reduction
• Collect clippings during active disease
• Plug out fairy rings or dead spot
• Collect clippings during cutworm activity

Question 10

Chemical approach for Eradication:

Answer 10

• Fumigation – “sterilizes” soils in high value areas
• Herbicides – kills unwanted plants
• Insecticides – kills insects
• Fungicides – few fungicides kill fungi

Question 11

Biological approach to Eradication:

Answer 11

• Add antagonistic microbes:
  
  • – Fungi and bacteria
  • – Out compete pathogens for niche or food supply
  • – Parasitize pathogens and pests
• Enhance natural microbial populations w/ Compost
  
  • Makes soil suppressive** **
  • soil conditions where pathogens and pests cannot compete and survive

Question 12

What are some ways to physically affect seeds or soil to prevent disesase?

Answer 12

• Heat treat seed - not for golf
• Steam sterilization of potting materials
• Solar sterilization of soils

Question 13

Protection:

What is the best program approach for preventing pest / pathogen activity with Chemicles?

Answer 13

# **Choose products with greatest efficiency for the 
most active disease, weed, or insect.**

• Fungicides and fungistats
• Some insecticides and herbicides

Question 14

Resistance

What are some way to practice Resistance?

Answer 14

• Choose genetically superior seeds
  
  • Disease and insect resistant
  • Seed thats adapted to local climate
  • Check NTEP trials. (NTEP.org)
• Optimize Site Conditions
  
  • Give the seed the best chance to thrive.
  • Make sure the soil is Pest Free