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I P M > Cultural Control Strategies > Flashcards

Cultural Control Strategies Flashcards

1
Q

A cultural disease and pest
management program should:

A
  • Improve the growing conditions for the turf stand
  • Create unfavorable growing conditions for the pest or pathogen
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2
Q

What are some issues that can arise when selecting seed?

A
  • haveing a Monoculture
  • grasses that are not adapted to your intended use
  • poorly adapted for growth in your area
  • “cheap” seed may be contaminated
  • some grass has a potential to get hit hard by disease
  • High seeding rates increase some diseases
  • species that is a good food source for insects
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3
Q

What is the advantage to using a blend of turfgrasses?

A
  • More diversity in your stand = more stability
  • less susceptile to disease
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4
Q

what are problems caused by high seeding rates? why are they caused?

A
  • High seeding rates can cause disease because each plant is growing so close to eachother, they create a favorable environment for disease to turn on.
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5
Q

How can you overcome seed problems?

A
  • Use genetically superior seed
  • Disease and insect resistance
  • Pick locally adapted cultivars
  • Endophyte enhanced cultivars
  • Check the NTEP trials
  • Use blends and mixtures
  • Seed at recommended (lower) rates
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6
Q

What does potassium do for turf?

A

it is needed for the plant to perform physiological functions.

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7
Q

What is the limiting factor in Turfgrass performance?

A

Nitrogen

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8
Q

What are the effects of excessive Nitrogen input on turfgrass?

A
  • Promotes succulent turf with thin cell walls
  • Promotes vegetative growth over root growth
  • Diverts metabolites to growth and away from resistance mechanisms
  • Favors - brown patch, pythium blight, leaf spot diseases, gray leaf spot, snow molds, armyworm, cutworms
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9
Q

What are the effects of having a lack of nitogen input in turfgrass?

A
  • Slows growth and recovery
  • Favors - red thread, pink patch, dollar spot, rust,
    anthracnose, billbug, chinch bug
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10
Q

Rooting depth and density ________ with ↑ N

A

decreases

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11
Q

Carbohydrate reserves ________ with ↑ N

A

decrease

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12
Q

Knowing your soil and water pH is extremely important….Why?

A
  • It is going to determine what products you put down
  • some products may lower or raise your pH
  • You need to maintain a proper pH to keep it in a zone that promotes healthy growth and keeps disease away
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13
Q

What does Amonium Sulfate do to the pH?

A

Drives the pH down

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14
Q

What does calcium nitrate do to the pH?

A

raises the pH

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15
Q

What pH levels do most turfgrasses thrive?

A

5.5 - 6.5

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16
Q

When you have disease pressure, what do you want to consider when fertilizing?

A
  • You want to avoid overstimulating the grass with too much Nitrogen, it will become lush and problems will arise.
  • Spoon feed (1/10 lb every week or two)
  • Use slow release products
17
Q

To overcome disease problems….what is a good way to maintain pH at a level that you want it?

A

Add Lime sparingly to help balance the pH

18
Q

What form of N do you want to use in the spring and fall?

A

Granular

19
Q

What is the best practice to decrease compaction?

A

Aerification

20
Q

What physical impacts does mowing have on the turf?

A
  • Cuts hole in leaf tip
  • Dull blades leave tattered edges
  • Mower traffic creates compaction
21
Q

How does mowing affect the spread of disease?

A
  • Several fungi spread with mower
  • Leaf litter carries insect eggs and fungi
22
Q

How does mowing weaken grass?

A
  • Low mowing removes surface area needed for photosynthesis
  • Frequent mowing removes youngest tissue which is more photosynthetic
  • Results in low carbohydrate reserves
  • Low reserves = shorter root systems
  • Results in slower recovery
  • Increased inputs needed to maintain quality
23
Q

Rooting depth and density _______ with ↑ HOC

A

Increases

24
Q

Carbohydrate production _______ with ↑ HOC

A

increases

25
Q

What is the best way to irrigate to keep plants healthy, but to reduce the chance of disease?

A
  • Deep and infrequent (keep it growing without killing it)
  • site dependant
  • time irrigation to minimize leaf wetness
    • water duting dew periods
  • Syringe to reduce heat stress

I P M (15 decks)

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