Final - Section 1

Question 1

define phytotoxicity

Answer 1

injuring of plants when a product contacts them.

yellowing and wilting

Question 2

What does the “target principle” mean to pesticide applicators?

Question 3

Name 3 synthetic fungicides that might qualify as biological control products:

Answer 3

• Affirm
• Heritage
• Endorse

Question 4

define Virulence;

Answer 4

the ability of the pathogen to overcome the hosts defenses

Question 5

What is alkaline hydrolosis?

Answer 5

• Chemical breakdown of a product due to improper pH levels in the water.

Question 6

What is Topical Mode of Action?

Answer 6

Is is based on the toxins relationship with the plant

Question 7

The mode of action that is based on toxins relationship with the fungus :

Answer 7

Biochemical mode of action

Question 8

Define: Biochemical mode of action

Answer 8

Based on toxins relationship with the fungus

Question 9

Define Topical mode of action :

Answer 9

Based on toxins relationship with the plant

Question 10

What is Phytomibility?

Answer 10

Phytomobility - how the a.i. moves within the plant

Question 11

Mode of action is also broadly classified as _________ or ________.

Answer 11

Contacts or Penetrants

Question 12

Why do penetrant fungicides take longer to work than contacts?

Answer 12

They have to get indside the plant to begin working

Question 13

Where do penetrant fungicides affect fungi?

Answer 13

At metabolic sites

Question 14

What are some key traits for a Localized Penetrant?

Answer 14

-It is absorbed, but doesn’t move around -Sticks to the cuticle

Question 15

What are are some key traits for Acropetal Penetrants?

Answer 15

They enter the plant and move between the cells along the Xylem and go UP ONLY.

Question 16

What are some key traits for a Systemic Penetrant?

Answer 16

Is it absorbed into the plant cells and follows the transport of sugars in the phloem. It move both UP AND DOWN.

Question 17

Compare Biochemical MOA and Topical MOA

Answer 17

Biochemical MOA is based on the toxin’s relationship with the fungus and Topical MOA is based on the toxin’s relationship with the plant

Question 18

BIOCHEMICAL MOA: –Compare Multi-Site Toxins and Site-Specific Toxins

Answer 18

Multi-site toxins affect multiple metabolic sites and usually kill the fungus, might kill the plant and have little chance of resistance Site specific toxins affect a single metabolic site, most are fungistatic (stop fungal growth) but don’t kill the fungus. High likelyhood of resistance

Question 19

Define Monogenic resistance:

Answer 19

Fungi only need to change a sngle major gene to become resistant so resistance development is rapid

Question 20

Define Polygenic resistance:

Answer 20

Fungi need to chance several major genes to become resistant so resistance development is gradual.

Question 21

What is Cross resistance?

Answer 21

Resistance to more than one type of fungicide—usually materials in the same chemical class

Question 22

What is Multiple resistance?

Answer 22

When fungi or strains of fungi are resistant or insensitive to materials in several chemical classes

Question 23

What does FRAC stand for?

Answer 23

Fungicide Resistance Action Committee