Least Toxic Products Flashcards
What are some ways to determine how toxic something is or can be?
- What material is it?
- Dose
- Formulation
- What is the fate of the product in the environment
- what else will it affect?
define Biorational:
Overall least harmful effects
What is a Botanical?
- Toxic alkaloids from plants
- Plant based oils
What is Pyrethrum?
What clas is it in?
- Pyrethrum is a contact insecticide thats made from the flowers of Chrysanthemum’s that are useless for turf applications. Is usually mixed with Rotenone.
- It is a Botanical
What is Rotenone?
What class is it in?
- It’s an insecticide that is derived from the roots of tropical legumes and is used on leaf feeding beetles and caterpillars.
- EC formulation is very toxic
- Dust has Low toxicity
- BOTANICAL CLASS
What is Azadiractin?
What class is it in?
- It is an insecticide that is from seed of the Neem tree.
- It’s used as a repellant and growth regulator when ingested.
- Neem Oil
- Low mamalian toxicity
- BOTANICALS
what are inorganics?
- Soaps and Oils
- Metals and other compounds
what is Insecticidal soap?
What class is it in?
- Soap made from plant oils that smother and dessicate soft bodied insects
- INORGANICS CLASS
What are Horticulture Oils?
What class are they in?
- Contact Insecticide made from highly refined petroleum, plant and fish based oils
- Disrupts exoskeleton and sufficates insects
- Used on Ornamentals
- WIll Burn Turfgrass!!
- Except Civitas - It can be used on turf
- INORGANIC CLASS
What are Copper and Sulfur?
What Class are they in?
- Pesticide used on insects and plants that has a wide range of toxicity depending on the amount of copper in the product. Used on Ornamentals.
- Multi-site toxin with low resistance
- INORGANIC CLASS
What are Antimicrobials and their trade names?
- Used as Protectant Fungicides and Disinfectant with poor results on turfgrass. Hard on equipment
- Hydrogen Dioxide - Zerotol
- Potassium bicarbonate - Kaligreen
- Dipotassium phosphate - Biophos
What do Insect Growth Regulators (IGR) do?
- Inhibit growth and development
What is Halofenozide?
Trade name?
- MACH2
- Insect Growth Regulator that Causes premature and lethal molts (losing skin) on insects.
- Good for grub control and is Low Toxic
What are Microbials?
- Fungi, Bacteria and Nematodes that aid in the health of plants.
What is Beavaria bassiana?
What class?
- fungus that lives in the soil and attacks insects of all life stages.
- Called Naturalis T
- Works well on Chinch Bugs
- MICROBIALS
What is Trichoderma harzianum?
What class?
- A fungus that attacks other Fungus
- Granular formulation for dollar spot control
- Trade names:
- Rootshield
- Turfshield
- MICROBIALS
What are Neotyphodium endophytes?
What class?
- Lives in Rye and Fescue
- can be added to commercial grass seed
- infected grass is more stress tolerant
- Works well in Turfgrass
- caution - If seed isn’t stored properly, endophyte dies
- MICROBIALS
what is Bacillus thuringiensis?
What class?
- Most effective Biocontrol agent made
- Sprayable bacterial spore that breaks down in an insects gut.
- There are Host specific strains for different pests
- MICROBIALS
- Non Toxic
What is Basilis popillae?
What class?
- Bacteria in native soil that causes Milky Spore Disease in Japanese Beetles
- Non Toxic
- Mixed results in turf
- MICROBIALS
What is Basilis licheniformis?
What class?
- Trade Name: EcoGuard
- A Bacteria used for Anthracnose, Brown Patch, Dollar Spot
- Not great control, but can be used in addition to other fungicides
- MICROBIALS
What is Basilis Subtilis?
What class?
- Trade Name: Rhapsody, Companion
- to help control brown patch, and pythium blight
- Can be used with other fungicides for synergy
- Needs to be Integrated with other products
- MICROBIALS
What are Entomopathogenic nematodes?
What class?
- parasites of white grubs that act as an insecticide
- Non Toxic
- MICROBIALS
What are Spinosyns?
What class?
- Trade Name: Conserve SC
- Insecticides used as a nerve toxin with stomach and contact activity
- MICROBIALS
What is Abamectin?
What class?
- Trade Name: Avid, Advance
- Toxic of Streptomyces
- very effective insecticide for nematode control in turfgrass
- MICROBIALS
What is Glucopyranosyl antibiotic?
What class?
- Steptomycin sulfate
- Sprayed for Bacterial Wilt on Ornamentals
- Cannot use on Turfgrass
- MICROBIALS
What is Tetracycline antibiotic?
What class?
- Oxytetracycline
- toxin of streptomyces used as sprayable and injectible formulations for Bacteria
- MICROBIALS
What is Polyoxin?
What Class?
- Trade Name: Polyoxin-D
- Single site toxin of Streptomyces
- Used for Insect and Fungi control
- MICROBIALS
What is Phenylpyrroles?
What class?
- Trade name: Fludioxonil
- Bacterial toxin used against fungi in turfgrass
- MICROBIALS
What is Pseudomonas aureofaciens?
What class?
- Called Spotless, TX-1 and Colony
- Bacteria used as a fungicide used for pythium, dollar spot, brown patch and take-all
- MICROBIALS
What are Qoi’s?
- Trade Name: Heritage
- Used as fungicide for Pythium or Anthracnose on the golf course
Name some traditional Pesticides that can be used as a Biological control?
- Polyoxin-D
- Heritage
- Endorse
What is Chlorantraniliprole?
- Trade Name: Acelepryn
- Insecticide that causes insect muscles to leak calcium
What is Zerotol?
- a.i. is Hydrogen Dioxide
- Used as a protective fungicide or disinfectant and has poor results in turfgrass
Eco Guard
Basilis licheniformis
Biotrek
Trichoderma harzianum
