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COGS 143 > Primates: Brains > Flashcards

Primates: Brains Flashcards

1
Q

Which species has the largest of any primate brain?

A

HUMANS

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2
Q

What part of the primate brain is especially developed?

A

cortex (esp visual)

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3
Q

True/False: It is a mistake to think all cetaceans or all primates have similar brains.

A

TRUE

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4
Q

What part of the human brain particularly expanded in comparison to other primates?

A

neo cortex

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5
Q

What is special about the midbrain?

A

where visual tracking and auditory tracking combine; map localization with visual, direct head to source

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6
Q

Info on identity of sound in _____ sulcus, ______ to A1; connecting to _____ ______

A

anterior (rostral), adjacent; Frontal Lobe

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7
Q

Info on location of sound in ______, close to _____

A

posterior (Caudal); Parietal

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8
Q

The visual system in primates is a very _____ process

A

cerebral

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9
Q

Most connections into from visual system go direct to ________

A

forebrain

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10
Q

Explain basic vision pathway in primates

A
  1. eyes => LGN => V1 of Cortex (rear of occipital lobe, aka Striate Cortex) => in cortex, topological maps of retinal surface, fovea greatly magnified
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11
Q

Explain the crossover that happens in primate brains when seeing something

A

right visual field of both retinas go to left of LGN, processed by left brain

left visual field of both retinas go to right of LGN, processed by right brain

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12
Q

The left _____ _____ maps primarily on the right visual field, Right maps primarly left

A

SUPERIOR COLLICULUS

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13
Q

What does the superior colliculus do?

A

sends visual motion info to midbrain

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14
Q

What are the two pathways of the visual system?

A

Dorsal (Where/How) and Ventral (Who/What)

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15
Q

What is the Penfield Map? Where is it located?

A

shows face, hands magnified, located in S1

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16
Q

What does the primary motor cortex do in primates?

A

commands motor neurons in Brainstem and Spinal Cord to move body

pre central gyrus in frontal lobe, across central sulcus from somatosensory cortex

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17
Q

What does the premotor cortex do?

A

active during “preparation to move”, plans activity

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18
Q

What is the mirror cell system?

A

coactivation of Premotor (F5) and Parietal Cortex in primates, mirror cell system is activated when primate sees own hands or other’s hands performing task

19
Q

Why is the mirror cell system critical?

A
  • enables understanding action via translation visual input into motor plan
  • mediates imitation, observational learning
20
Q

How is the olfactory system used in primates?

A

decision making, evaluating/learning about/reacting to what matters

*emotional/motivational system

21
Q

What role does the Orbito frontal cortex serve?

A
  • descending and reciprocal fibers to limbic system
  • increased, inhibitory connections to limbic system (esp. higher primates)
  • evaluate, set priorities, delay gratification, suppress learned inappropriate behavior
22
Q

What role does the Anterior Cingular Cortex (ACC) have?

A
  • part of limbic system for +/- evaluation

- social assessment of others: active in empathy, deception, guilt, embarrassment, etc.

23
Q

What does the amygdala do?

A

generating and interpret facial expressions of emotion

part of circuit for orbitofrontal for “Theory of MInd”

24
Q

What is the Theory of MInd

A

ability to postulate what others thinking, feeling

25
Q

What does the Frontal Insula do?

A
  • part of pathway between amydala and orbitofrontal
  • sensory projection for taste, generates disgust/desire
  • spontaneous production and interpretation of emotional expression
26
Q

What are Von Economo Neurons?

A
  • neurons with long, unbranched, symmetrical processes
  • large cells for rapid transmission of minimal local info to other areas
  • fast intuitive judgements of social situations (?)
27
Q

Who has Von Economo Neurons?

A

ONLY apes and humans

28
Q

Where are the Von Economo Neurons found?

A

ACC and FI

29
Q

What is the role of the medulla in the primate brain?

A

localize sound sources

30
Q

What does the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus do for the primate brain?

A

project auditory information to cortex

31
Q

What is the limbic system?

A

-does much of decision making, smell mediated

32
Q

What does the Anterior Cingulate Cortex concerned with?

A

+/- Evaluator

part of limbic system; concerned with social assessment (of self and others)

involved in risk assessment and empathy, deception, guilt, etc.

33
Q

What do the olfactory bulbs do?

A

smell-drives much of mammalian behavior

34
Q

What does the amygdala do?

A

role in generating and interpreting facial expressions of emotion

part of circuit with orbitofrontal for Theory of Mind

35
Q

What is the orbitofrontal cortex?

A

a prefrontal cortex region in the frontal lobes in the brain which is involved in the cognitive processing of decision making

36
Q

What part of the audition pathway is monaural?

A

Inputs to cochlear nucleus

37
Q

What part of the audition pathway is binaural?

A

everything after cochlear nucleus

38
Q

Where is A1 located?

A

temporal lobe

39
Q

What is V1?

A

topological map of retina (preserves the spatial relationships of sensory surface)

40
Q

Anterior Cingulate has reciprocal actions with the _____ ________

A

frontal insula

41
Q

The orbitofrontal cortex has reciprocal action with the _____

A

amygdala

42
Q

What is another name for Limbic System?

A

“Rhiencephalon” (“Nose Brain”)

43
Q

Where is the Insula?

A

media surface of lateral fissure between temporal and frontal lobes

COGS 143 (17 decks)

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