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COGS 143 > Cetacean Cognition in the Lab > Flashcards

Cetacean Cognition in the Lab Flashcards

1
Q

How are clicks produced?

A

vibration of “dorsal bursae” (also called nasal plug) in nasal passages at rear of skull

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2
Q

Where is echolocation processed?

A

cetaceans’ massive brain stem

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3
Q

What is the lag time?

A

time between returned echo and next click

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4
Q

More closely spaced click trains ends in what?

A

higher detail resolution

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5
Q

Sound travels ____ ____ _____ in water than in air

A

4.5 times faster

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6
Q

click repetation rate can _____ as distance to target decreases

A

increase

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7
Q

Amplitude increases as distance _____

A

decreases

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8
Q

What role does fatty tissue play in the cetacean’s ability to hear?

A

hear through throat, lower jaw, fatty tissue, fat channel to inner ear

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9
Q

Lower frequences get _____ resolution

A

lower

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10
Q

The amplitude of the echo is a function of both _____ and ______

A

distance and absorption

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11
Q

The longer the latency between click and echo, the _______ the target

A

farther away

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12
Q

(TRUE/FALSE) Infant dolphins have an innate sense to produce and understand clicks.

A

FALSE; learning plays a major role

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13
Q

every object has a specific _____ _____

A

resonant frequency

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14
Q

How were the original vision tests on cetaceans an example of poor ecological validity?

A
  • gave MTS tests with 2d visuals

- dolphins can see high contrast, moving, 3d stimuli more

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15
Q

Which cross modal mapping are cetaceans best at?

A

visual auditory recognition

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16
Q

Air pockets are highly _____

A

reflective

17
Q

Bones are highly _____

A

absorbive

18
Q

Higher frequencies interact more with ____ targets than low frequencies do

A

small

19
Q

Explain “listening in” test performed on dolphins.

A

Two dolphins in water. One at the top of the surface is the “listener” and the one below the water is an “echolocator”. E sends out echolocation to a hidden object while the listener is above water. When E gets the information back, it can accurately match the object. When you send L into the water to match the object, it can match gross info (shape)

20
Q

What does the listening in test show about dolphins and how they echolocate?

A

they can listen in to each other’s echoes to an extent (via the fat in their necks used for listening)
-believe this is how babies learn to echolocate from their mothers

21
Q

What are some examples of dolphin object use in captivity?

A
  1. invent novel uses, like grab stick to poke into reef hole to roust eels
  2. use sticks to poke into tubes, boxes etc for reward
22
Q

What are some examples of object use in the field?

A
  • sometimes see animals with jewelry
  • sponge carrying
  • shake conch to get fish
23
Q

Dolphins better at ________ response rule (MTS) across modalities.

A

transferring

24
Q

How have dolphins displayed object permanence?

A
  • trained to report absence of cued and searched for object

- trainer signals “Hoop to frisbee” dolphin takes hoop to no if no frisbee

25
Q

What is the “search image” function of dolphins?

A

after multiple presentations of similar sized targets, adjust echoloc bandwidth for next search, shows anticipation target size

26
Q

How did dolphins do on invisible displacement tasks?

A

motion behind occluder, succeeds

27
Q

What are the results of numerosity tests on cetaceans?

A

no data

28
Q

What are the results of reversal learning and learning sets?

A

change strategy after first reversed trial; first develop “Learning Set”

29
Q

What are the results of transitivity tests on dolphins?

A

no data

30
Q

What are the results of MTS?

A
  • show first trial success with novel stimuli on identity and conditional MTS, acoustic or visual
  • can learn based on very few trials!
31
Q

What are the results of oddity trials?

A

first trial success

32
Q

What are the results of same/different trials?

A

first trial success

33
Q

How do dolphins show creativity?

A
  • “do something new” command

- Herman did “Tandum Creative”

34
Q

How are dolphins curious?

A

sea world =>baby orca spend 1 hr and a half with painter, need enrichment

COGS 143 (17 decks)

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