Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

COGS 143 > Midterm 1 Questions > Flashcards

Midterm 1 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Are prehensile tails a characteristic of Prosimians, New World, or Old World primates?

A

New World

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Includes Cebus: a characteristic of Prosimians, New World, or Old World primates?

A

NW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are largest brains a characteristic of Prosimians, New World, or Old World primates?

A

Old World

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Are “many nocturnal” a characteristic of Prosimians, New World, or Old World primates?

A

Prosimians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Are tethered lips, restricted facial expressions a characteristic of Prosimians, New World, or Old World primates?

A

Prosimians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is “most dependent on smell” a characteristic of Prosimians, New World, or Old World primates?

A

Prosimians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Are longest, dependent young a characteristic of Prosimians, New World, or Old World primates?

A

Old World

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Are “includes apes” a characteristic of Prosimians, New World, or Old World primates?

A

Old World

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are “smallest brains” a characteristic of Prosimians, New World, or Old World primates?

A

Prosimians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are “best digit mobility” a characteristic of Prosimians, New World, or Old World primates?

A

OW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Are “most closely related to humans” a characteristic of Prosimians, New World, or Old World primates?

A

Old World

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Are “some riverine species” a characteristic of Mysticeti or Odontoceti?

A

O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are “have baleen” a characteristic of Mysticeti or Odontoceti?

A

mysticeti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Are “have teeth” a characteristic of Mysticeti or Odontoceti?

A

Odontoceti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Are “Includes Sperm Whale” a characteristic of Mysticeti or Odontoceti?

A

Odontoceti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Are “includes Killer Whale” a characteristic of Mysticeti or Odontoceti?

A

Odontoceti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Are “many are ‘grazers’” a characteristic of Mysticeti or Odontoceti?

A

Mysticeti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Are “includes the largest brains” a characteristic of Mysticeti or Odontoceti?

A

O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Are “includes the Blue Whale” a characteristic of Mysticeti or Odontoceti?

A

M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Are wet noses a characteristic of Prosimians, New World, or Old World primates?

A

Prosimians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Are “includes the most primitive species” a characteristic of Mysticeti or Odontoceti?

A

Odontoceti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Is “hunt individual prey, often cooperatively” a characteristic of Mysticeti or Odontoceti?

A

odontoceti

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which mysticete produces the most complex songs?

A

humpback whale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the implications for cognition in a creature who has ischial callosities?

A

With the ischial callosities, the create has butt pads and the ability to sit up and free hands to interaction with the environment around them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What diet is associated with longer gut-length and relatively smaller brains?

A

follivore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

which Ape species is the exception to the “longer gut length and relatively smaller brains rule” and how do their food processing techniques vary from the above?

A

gorillas; do complex bimanual processing of otherwise difficult to access plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which better describes dolphin brain development at birth–altricial or precocial?

A

precocial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the prolonged dependence of the young, in both primates and cetaceans, generally considered an indicator of intelligence?

A

prolonged dependence of young suggest that there is longer time to develop needed to be an adult and function, more cognitive implications, more time with mother to learn

29
Q

Which species has a larger sheet of, and thus more convoluted, cortex, –bottlenose dolphin –or–human?

A

bottlenose dolphin

30
Q

How does visual cross over compare in primates vs. cetaceans?

A

Cetaceans have complete visual crossover. Primates have the left visual field of both eyes cross over to the right brain and the right visual field cross over to the left brain.

31
Q

Compared to rodents, many of whom have dexterous hands and good vision, how does the pertinent sensory-motor coordination in primates differ?

A

Primates have the ability to see their hands, allowing for hand eye coordination, allowing for good motor-visual capabilities with teh world around them.

32
Q

Describe where A1 (the primary projection area for audition) is located in the dolphin cortex?

A

A1 is located very close to the S1 and V1 on the top of the rain with sulcus after sulcus of cortical learning.

33
Q

Which has larger absolute brain size

sperm whale or humpback whale?

A

sperm whale

34
Q

Which has a larger absolute brain size

chimpanzee or cebus?

A

chimpanzee

35
Q

Which has a larger absolute brain size

bottlenose dolphin or human

A

bottlenose dolphin

36
Q

Who has a larger relative brain size (EQ)

bottlenose dolphin or human

A

human

37
Q

Which has a larger relative brain size (EQ)

bottlenose dolphin or killer whale?

A

bottlenose dolphin

38
Q

Which has a larger relative brain size (EQ)

chimpanzee or cebus

A

chimpanzee

39
Q

Which has a larger relative brain size (EQ)

ring tailed lemur or cat?

A

ring-tailed lemur

40
Q

Which has a larger relative brain size (EQ)

sperm whale or chimpanzee?

A

chimpanzee

41
Q

Does the following tend to be larger in dolphins or apes?

cerebellum

A

dolphins

42
Q

Does the following tend to be larger in dolphins or apes?

hippocampus

A

apes

43
Q

Does the following tend to be larger in dolphins or apes?

olfactory bulb

A

apes

44
Q

Does the following tend to be larger in dolphins or apes?

vestibular system

A

apes

45
Q

Does the following tend to be larger in dolphins or apes?

corpus callosum

A

apes

46
Q

Does the following tend to be larger in dolphins or apes?

amygdala

A

dolphins

47
Q

Does the following tend to be larger in dolphins or apes?

inferior colliculus

A

dolphins

48
Q

Does the following tend to be larger in dolphins or apes?

medulla

A

dolphins

49
Q

Does the following tend to be larger in dolphins or apes?

superior colliculus

A

dolphins

50
Q

In primates, what system of cells found in premotor and posterior parietal cortex, is involved in the translation between visual input and motor output?

A

mirror cell system: coactivation of (F5) & parietal cortex

51
Q

Which two parts of a primate’s body are mapped onto the most disproportionately large areas of its somatosensory cortex?

A

hands and mouth, very high acuity of both regions

52
Q

In cetaceans, a mammalian-atypical cortical area responds equally well to what 2 kinds of sensory stimulation?

A

audition, tactic

53
Q

Give the types of receptors in its retina, is dolphin vision best for color and detail or motion and contrast? What part of the retina is missing in dolphins that may, in part, account

A

motion and contrast; fovea

54
Q

List three areas of the primate (and presumably the cetacean brain) that are implicated in processing and assessing social stimuli.

A
  1. anterior cingulate cortex
  2. orbitofrontal cortex
  3. amygdala
55
Q

According to the Marino reading, what brain data indicate that Odontocetes have a Dual Processing System for sound?

A

The brain stem is incredibly large and the cortex for odontocetes is very convoluted. Data found from studying these brain structures suggest that the brain stem is most involved with clicks and understand the broadband frequency of those clicks (echolocation) wile the cortex is responsible for making sense of clicks in some sort of higher order processing, similar to a language.

56
Q

According to Ghanzafar and Santos, while looking at an image of another primate, what part of the animal does a primate examine most?

A

eyes

57
Q

How is sleep in dolphins unique and the significant reduction of what brain structure may be responsible for this?

A

Dolphins have no REM sleep. One hemisphere is always awake at all times to keep them from drowning. The significant reduction of the corpus callosum is responsible for this.

58
Q

What two areas of the brain do the “long distance” Von Economo cells tend to link in both primates and cetaceans?

A

anterior cingulate cortex and frontal insula

59
Q

As described in the Pack reading, when one dolphin listens in to the echoes of another, its discrimination abilities are _________ compared to when it produces the echolocation itself.

A

not as good; can only match on gross features

60
Q

Briefly describe how one type of information that can be carried by the relative amplitude of an echo during echolocation.

A

Amplitude can relate to the distance of the object that is being echolocated. Amplitude can increase as distance decreases.

61
Q

the finding of the dolphin’s “ability to report whether a referenced object was present or absent in the dolphin’s tank” can be considered evidence for _____

A

object permanence

62
Q

requires task specific selective attention to one particular feature of a stimulus

A

Weigl Principle

63
Q

requires an inference regarding the range of possible events based on limited sensory access

A

invisible displacement

64
Q

requires a subject to manipulate at least two objects

A

tertiary relations

65
Q

requires a translation from one perceptual representation to another

A

cross modal mathing

66
Q

Under what conditions do number-trained chimpanzees fail on the “Greedy Giveaway Task?”

A

If they are only given the pile of M &Ms and not a numerical symbol with the pile

67
Q

Under what conditions do number trained chimpanzees succeed on the “Greedy Giveaway Task?”

A

if they are given a numerical symbol with/without the pile

68
Q

Briefly describe an experiment done with dolphins that originally failed when the stimuli were not ecologically valid and how that experiment was chagned in a way that enabled them to succeed.

A

A MTS task was given to dolphins involving 2-D static stimuli. The researchers did not account that dolphins are best at visual motion and the dolphins failed. Once 3-D visually moving stimuli were given, the dolphins succeeded. The latter was more ecologically valid because it considered how dolphins processed information in relation to the task, suggesting real world applicability.

69
Q

Explain echolocation in cetaceans.

A

Echolocation is initiated in the NASAL PASSAGES where vibratory structures known as RABBIT EARS or DORSAL BURSAE that are contiguous with the MELON, make plosive sputters called BURST PULSES Each of these sounds which include a WIDE range of frequencies, EXIT the dolphin’s FOREHEAD through the MELON, which acts as a kind of lens to focus the outgoing beam of sound. The lens is made of FAT which provides an impedence MATCH to seawater, so that LITTLE OF energy is lost when the sounds cross from the animal into the environment. A set of such sounds–called CLICKS–are produced in sequence to travel to and back from targets in the environment.

COGS 143 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions