Primary Growth Flashcards
What does totipotent mean?
Can develop into any type of plant cell → found in meristamatic cells
What are meristamatic cells?
Undifferentiated cells that can develop into vessel.elements, fiber, sieve and tube elements, or parenchyma cells
What is the apical meristem?
Gives rise to the protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem
What is the protoderm?
It gives rise to the epidermis
What is the procambium?
Gives rise to the vascular system
What is the ground meristem?
Gives rise to the ground tissue
What is anticlinal division?
When it ground perpendicular
What is periclinal division?
When it grows parallel
What is the orientation of xylem and phloem?
Xylem always toward interior and phloem always toward exterior
What is the root cap?
It provides protection for meristamatic cells
What is the pericycle?
The outermost layer of vascular tissue that gives rise to axillary roots
What is the endodermis?
The innermost layer of ground tissue that gives rise to the Caspian strip
What is the Caspian strip?
A waxy thick layer to prevent anything from penetrating the vascular system without going through the endodermis. Keeps water in the vascular system
What is the exodermis?
Like the epidermis but helps more with water retention and retains ions in vascular tissue. Has lower suberin and lignen content and discourages unwanted materials from entering.
What is aerenchyma?
Airy parenchyma. Used for buoyancy and increases gas exchange. Seen in aquatic plants.
What is velamen?
Layer of dead cells around roots that act like a sponge to soak up water for plants
What are prop roots?
Extra that are for stability
What is lateral growth in shoots and roots?
Break in vascular tissue where leaves and axillary buds are produced.
What is a leaf trace gap?
Break in vascular tissue if stem
What type of photosynthesis occurs when a plant has a bundle sheath?
C4
What are bracts?
Modified leaves that are usually colored for dispersal or protection.
What are sun leaves?
Leaves that have multiple layers of palisade cells
What are palisade cells?
Photosynthesizing cells
What are shade leaves?
Leaves that are thinner, have fewer palisade cells, less organized, and might have different leaf shape.
