Gymnosperms

Question 1

What do all green plants have?

Answer 1

1. Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids
2. Starch
3. Paired subapical/apical flagella
4. Cellulose and hemicellulose

Question 2

What is the order of evolution of plants?

Answer 2

1.Chlorophytes & ulvophytes
2. Chorophytes
3. Bryophytes
4. Lycophytes
5. Ferns, psilotum, equisetum
6. Gymnosperms
7. Angiosperms

Question 3

What differentiates chorophytes from chorophytes/ulvophytes

Answer 3

Phragmoplastic cell division

Question 4

What differentiates bryophytes from chorophytes?

Answer 4

Alteration of generations
Archegonia

Question 5

What differentiates lycophytes from bryophytes?

Answer 5

Vascular tissue
Dominant sporophyte

Question 6

What differentiates ferns/fern allies from lycophytes?

Answer 6

Megaphylls

Question 7

What differentiates the gymnosperms and angiosperms from ferns/fern allies?

Answer 7

Pollen
Seeds

Question 8

What is the gymnosperm lifecycle?

Answer 8

Male: diploid microspores undergo meiosis creating a tetrad of microspores which evolves into the generative cell. The generative cell includes the pollen grain, tube cell, and prothallial cell.
Female: diploid megaspore undergoes meiosis to produce 4 megaspores. 3 disintegrate leaving an archegonia with an egg cells.
Fertilization. Male female come together to form 2n zygote in the archegonia which is attached to the megagametophyte. Embryo grows and then releases a seed growing into a sporophyte (the tree). Branches have microsporangiates (pollen bearing cones) and ovulate cone.

Question 10

What is perisperm?

Answer 10

Similar to endosperm but is haploid