Cells Flashcards
What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?
• cell wall
• plastids
• large central vacuole
• plasmodesmata
What is the plasma membrane?
A semipermeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm and is made of lipids and proteins allowing water and certain ions to pass through
What is the cytoplasm?
The gel like substance that contains the organelles
What does the rough ER do?
Synthesize proteins
What does the smooth ER do?
Synthesizes lipids
What is the nucleus?
A double membrane organelle that contains the DNA
What is the vacuole?
A large membrane that takes up much of the cell and is used for storing secondary metabolites and turgidity regulation
What is a chloroplast?
A green plastic used for photosynthesis. Contains thylakoids and chlorophyll
What is an amyloplast?
A plastid that stores starch
What is a chromoplast?
Red/orange/yellow plastids
What is the mitochondria?
A double membrane organelle that does cellular respiration
What are ribosomes?
Contains RNA and undergoes RNA synthesis to create proteins
What is the golgi apparatus?
The organelles that processes and distributes proteins and lipids
What is endosymbiosis?
Hypothesis of the origin of the eukaryotic cell. A host cell engulfed an oxygen using non photosynthetic prokaryote which became the mitochondria and then engulfing a photosynthetic prokaryote which became the chloroplast
What are the stages of mitosis?
• Interphase (G1, S, G2, M)
• Prophase (chromosomes condense)
• Metaphase (chromosomes line up on plate)
• Anaphase (chromosomes pulled to opposite ends)
• Telophase (chromosomes condense and nuclear envelope forms)
• Cytokinesis (cell plate forms)
What is the purpose of mitosis?
Growth, development, repair
What are homologous chromosomes?
Same set of genes
What is a sister chromatid?
The two ends of a chromosome
When does crossing over happen?
Meiosis: Metaphase I
