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Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue > Primary bone tumors > Flashcards

Primary bone tumors Flashcards

1
Q

giant cell tumor - age and sex

A

20-40

no sex differences

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2
Q

giant cell tumor - area of the bone

A

epipheseal end of long bones

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3
Q

giant cell tumor - area of the body

A

epiphesial end of ling bones –> often around knee: distal femoral and proximal tibia

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4
Q

giant cells tumor is AKA

A

osteoclastoma

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5
Q

giant cell tumor - histology

A

Multinucleated giant cells and stromal cells

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6
Q

giant cell tumor - appearance on X-ray

A

Soap bubble

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7
Q

giant cell tumor - behaviour

A

locally agressive bening tumor

May recur

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8
Q

MC benign tumor of the bone

A

osteochondroma

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9
Q

osteochondroma - age and sex

A

under 25 (male)

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10
Q

osteochondroma consists of

A

mature bony exostosis with cartilaginous (chondroid) cap

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11
Q

osteochondroma rarely transforms to

A

chondrosarcoma

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12
Q

osteochondroma - area of bone

A

metaphysis

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13
Q

soap bubble appearance in X-RAY - bone tumor?

A

giant cell tumor

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14
Q

osteochondroma - sex

A

male

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15
Q

malignant tumor of cartilage

A

chondrosarcoma

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16
Q

giant cell tumor - behaviour

A

locally agressive bening tumor

May recur

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17
Q

X-ray appearance of osteochondroma

A

an exostosis of the bone

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18
Q

osteosarcoma - area of bone

A

metaphysis

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19
Q

osteochondroma rarely transforms to

A

chondrosarcoma

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20
Q

chondroma usually arises in the

A

medulla of small bones of the hands and feet (metaphysis)

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21
Q

chondrosarcoma usually arises in

A

medulla of pelvis or central skeleton (metaphysis)

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22
Q

osteochondroma to chondrosarcoma (frequency)

A

rare

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23
Q

bening tumor of cartilage

A

Chondroma

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24
Q

osteosarcoma - presents as a

A

pathologic fracture or bone pain with swelling

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25
Q

MC primary malignant bone tumor

A

multiple myeloma

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26
Q

osteosarcoma - age

A

bimodal distribution –> 10-20 (MC) and > 65

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27
Q

osteosarcoma - predisposing factors

A
  1. Paget disease
  2. bone infracts
  3. radiation
  4. Familiar retinoblastoma
  5. Li-Fraumeni syndrome (germline p53 mutation)
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28
Q

osteosarcoma - area of bone

A

metaphysis

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29
Q

osteosarcoma - area of the body

A

(metaphysis) often around knee (distal femoral and proximal tibia)

30
Q

osteosarcoma - malignant proliferation of

A

osteoblasts

31
Q

osteosarcoma is also called

A

osteogenic sarcoma

32
Q

behaviour of osteosarcoma

A

aggressive

33
Q

Ewing sarcoma - genetics

A

translocation t(11;22) –> fusion protein EWS-FLI 1

34
Q

osteosarcoma - treatment

A

surgical en bloc resection (with limb salvage) and chemotherapy

35
Q

osteorsarcoma - Codman triangle on x-ray is produced from

A

elevation of periosteum

36
Q

Ewing sarcoma - x ray

A

onion skin periosteal reaction in bone

37
Q

Ewing sarcoma - area of the body

A
  1. long bones
  2. pelvis
  3. scapula
  4. ribs
38
Q

Ewing sarcoma - histology

A

anaplastic smal blue cell

39
Q

Ewing sarcoma in biopsy can be confused by

A
  1. lymphoma

2. chronic osteomyelitis

40
Q

primary bone tumors - round cell lesions

A
  1. Ewing sarcoma

2. Multiple Myeloma

41
Q

Ewing sarcoma - behaviour

A

extremely aggressive wtih early metastasis (but responsive to chemotherapy)

42
Q

Ewing sarcoma - age and sex

A

boys under 15

43
Q

Ewing sarcoma protein

A

EWS-FLI 1

44
Q

primary bone tumors of epiphysis

A

Giant cell tumor

45
Q

primary bone tumors of metaphysis

A
  1. osteosarcoma
  2. osteochondroma
  3. simple bone cyst
46
Q

primary bone tumors of dipahysis

A
  1. fibrous dysplasia
  2. Osteoid osteoma
  3. Ewing sarcoma
  4. Multiple Myeloma
  5. osteoblastoma
47
Q

chondrosarcoma - frequency

A

rare

48
Q

chondrosarcoma - age and sex

A

men 30-60

49
Q

chondrosarcoma - appearance of the mass

A

expansile glistening mass with the medullary cavity

50
Q

osteoma - area of the body

A

surface of the facial bones

51
Q

osteoid osteoma is a benign tumor derived from

A

osteoblasts

52
Q

osteoid osteoma appearance

A

osteoid surrounded by a rim of reactive bone (CENTRAL NIDUS)

53
Q

osteoid osteoma - age and sex

A

males

54
Q

osteoid osteoma - area bone

A

cortex diaphysis

55
Q

osteoid osteoma - x ray

A

bony mass smaller than 2 cm with a radiolucent core

56
Q

osteoid is the

A

unmineralized, organic portion of the bone matrix that forms prior to the maturation of bone tissue

57
Q

osteoid osteoma - presentation

A

NIGHT-TIME bone pain that resolves with aspirin

58
Q

osteoclastoma - bone tumor

A

Giant cell tumor

59
Q

multinucleated giant cells - bone tumor

A

giant cell (osteoclastoma)

60
Q

anaplastic small blue cells - bone tumor

A

Ewing sarcoma

61
Q

fibrous dysplasia - area of the bone

A

diaphysis

62
Q

bone tumor with bimodal age distribution (and which ages)

A

osteosarcoma
10-20 (MC)
>65

63
Q

onion skin on x ray - bone tumor

A

Ewing sarcoma

64
Q

osteoblastoma - area of the body

A

vertebrae

65
Q

osteoblastoma presents as

A

bone pain that does not respond to aspirin

66
Q

osteoblastoma vs osteoid osteoma - accoriding size

A

similar but osteoblastoma larger (>2cm)

67
Q

osteoblastoma vs osteoid osteoma on presentation

A

osteoblastoma - bone pain that does not respond to aspirin

osteoid osteoma –> bone pain that resolves with aspirin

68
Q

age and sex of - giant cell tumor, osteochondroma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteoid osteoma

A

giant cell: 20-40 (no sex differences)
osteochondroma: under twenty five (male)
Ewing sarcoma: boys under fifteen
osteosarcoma: bimodal 10-20 (MC) and > 65
chondrosarcoma: men 30-60
osteoid osteoma: under twenty five

69
Q

osteosarcoma x-ray

A
  1. Codman triangle (from elevation of periosteum)

2. Sunburst pattern

70
Q

2 MC primary malignant bone tunors

A
  1. MM

2. osteosarcoma

Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue (19 decks)

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