other Flashcards
Muller maneuver
the opposite of the valsava –> breath against close month and nose –> collapsion o fupper airway
beside external auditory foramen, XII is also pass through
Stylomastroid foramen
Rigor mortirs - mechanism
not release of actin from myosin (lack of ATP)
full anterior fontanelle in infants
in infants, cranial bone are not fully formed –> if meningitis —> increased intracranial pressure –> full anterior fontanelle
ankle - bones
Talus, tibia. fibula
calcaneus (under fibula, the heel)
Ankle ligaments - groups
- lateral ligament complex
- Medial ligament complex (deltoid ligament) (strong
- -> not commonly injured) - ligament that connect distal fibula + tibia
ankle - lateral ligament complex (by frequency of damage)
- anerior talofibular
- calcaneofibular
- posterior talofibular
ankle - medial ligament complex
- anterior tibiotalar
- posterior tibiotalar
- tibiocalcaneal
- tibionavicular
ankle - ligaments that connect distal fibula + tibia
ankle syndesomosis:
- anterior inf tibiofibular
- posterior inf tibiofibular
- Tranverse ligament
- interrossi ligament (from bone to ankle)
Achilles tendon is formed by … which …. (location)
soleus + gastrocnemius muscles combine to form to Achileles tendon which insert on the posterior calcaneus and acts on ankle flexion
ligament that connect distal fibula + tibia at the knee - causes of injury
dorsiflexion and/or eversion of the ankle –> unstable ankle with tenderness but not significant swelling)
Boxer’s fracture
metacarpal fracture
femoral nerve mononeuropathy can occur due to
- trauma (pelvic fructure)
- compression from hematoma or abscess
- stretch injury
- ischemia
femoral nerve - sensation
- anterior + medial thight
- medial leg
muscles used when sitting up from supine position
- external abdominal obliques
- rectus abdominis
- hip flexors
major muscles responsible for hip motion
- flexion: ilipsoas, rectus femoris, tensor fascia lata
- extension: gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, long head of biceps
- abduction medius/minimus
- adduction: adductor brevis/longus/magnus
trapezius is frequently injured by
rear-end (whiplash) motor vehicle accidents
psoas muscle - origin / action
origin: anterior surface of the transverse processes + lateranl surface of vertebral T12 + L5
action: flex the tight, also contributes to lateral rotation + abduction of the tight
platella fracture signs
- swollen knee
- focal patella tenderness
- inability to extend the knee against resistance
platella fracture - how
- direct blow to anterio aspect
2. indirect: extension force transmitted through quadicipet tendon (landing on feet after falling from height)
patellar ligaemnt attaches
patella to tibial tuberosity and is the continuation of the quadricepts femoris tendon
valsva is due to
rectus abdominis (most importatnt)
vaslava action on paroxysmal suprventricular tachycardia
dmininish (due to increased vagus action
iliac muscle - action + location
flexion of the hip in the iliac fossa