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Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue > lower extremities nerves / lumbosacral reticulopathy / neurovascular pairing > Flashcards

lower extremities nerves / lumbosacral reticulopathy / neurovascular pairing Flashcards

1
Q

lower extremity nerves:

A
  1. obturator nerve (L2-L4)
  2. femoral nerve (L2-L4)
  3. Common peroneal nerve (L4-S2)
  4. Tidial nerve (L4-S3)
  5. superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
  6. inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
  7. sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
  8. pudendal (S2-S4)
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2
Q

origin of obturator nerve

A

L2-L4

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3
Q

causes of obturator nerve injury

A

pelvic surgery

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4
Q

presentation of obturator nerve injury

A
  1. decreased tight sensation (medial)

2. decreased adduction

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5
Q

thigh the part of the human leg between the

A

hip and the knee

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6
Q

origin of femoral nerve

A

L2-L4

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7
Q

causes of femoral nerve injury

A

pelvic fracture

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8
Q

presentation of femoral nerve injury

A
  1. decreased tight flexion

2. decreased leg extension

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9
Q

sciatic nerve splits into

A
  1. common peroneal nerve

2. tibial nerve

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10
Q

origin of common peroneal nerve

A

L4-S2

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11
Q

causes of common peroneal nerve injury

A
  1. trauma or compression of lateral aspect of leg

2. fibular neck fracture

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12
Q

presenation of common peroneal nerve injury

A
  1. foot drop

2. loss of sensation on dorsum foot

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13
Q

foot drop - mechanim

A

inverted and plantar-flexed at rest (loss of eversion and dorsiflexion)

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14
Q

foot eversion

A

out rotation

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15
Q

foot inversion

A

medial rotation

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16
Q

foot drop –>

A

steppage gait

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17
Q

origin of tibial nerve

A

L4-S3

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18
Q

causes of tibial nerve injury

A
  1. knee trauma (proximal)
  2. Baker cyst (proximal)
  3. tarsal tunnel syndrome
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19
Q

presenation of tibial nerve injury

A
  1. inability to curl toes
  2. loss of sensation on sole of foot
  3. foot everted at rest with loss of inversion and plantarfexion (PROXIMAL LESIONS)
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20
Q

origin of superior gluteal

A

L4-S1

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21
Q

causes of superior gluteal injury

A

iatrogenic injury during intramuscular injection to upper medial gluteal region

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22
Q

presentation of superior gluteal injury

A

Trendelenburg sign/gait

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23
Q

Trendelenburg sign/gait

A

pelvis tilts because weight-bearing leg cannot maintain alignment of pelvis through hip abduction muscles

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24
Q

hip abduction muscles (and innervation)

A

medius and minimus gluteus

innervation: superior gluteal

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25
Q

Trendelenburg sign/gait: site of lesion

A

lesion is contralateral to the side of the hip that drops,

and ispilateral to extremity on which the patient stands

26
Q

origin of inferior gluteal nerve

A

L5-S2

27
Q

causes of inferior gluteal injury

A

posterior hip dislocation

28
Q

presentation of inferior gluteal injury (and why)

A

difficulty in climbing stairs or rising from sited position

loss of hip extension by gluteal maximus

29
Q

hip extension muscle and innervation

A

gluteal maximus

innervation: inferior gluteal nerve

30
Q

gluteal muscles and innervations

A 
medius gluteus (superior gluteal nerve)
minimus gluteus (superior gluteal nerve)
maximus gluteus (inferior gluteal nerve)
superior gluteal also innervates tensor fascia latae
31
Q

origin of sciatic nerve

A

L4-S3

32
Q

sciatic nerve innervates

A

posterior thigh

33
Q

origin of pudendal nerve

A

S2-S4

34
Q

pudendal nerve innervates

A

perineum

35
Q

perineum is the area

A

between the anus and the scrotum or vulva.

36
Q

pudendal nerve importance in childbirth

A

can be blocked with local anesthetics during childbirth using the ischial spine as a landmark for injection

37
Q

Sign of lumbosacral radiculopathy

A

paresthesias and weakness in distribution of specific lumbar or sacral spinal nerves

38
Q

lumbosacral radiculopathy is ofte due to

A

intervertebral disc herniation in which the nerve association with the INFERIOR vertebral body is impinged

39
Q

example: L3-L4 disc herniation affects –>

A

L4 spinal nerve

40
Q

L3-L4 disc hernitation - findings

A
  1. weakness of knee extension

2. decreased patellar reflex

41
Q

L4-L5 disc hernitation - findings

A
  1. weakness of dosroflexion

2. difficulty in heel-walking

42
Q

L5-S1 disc hernitation - findings

A
  1. weakness of plantarflexion
  2. difficulty in toe-walking
  3. decreased Achilles reflex
43
Q

Neurovascular pairing - naming

A

nerves and arteries are frequently named together by the bones/regions with which they are associated. there are some exceptions

44
Q

axila/lateral thorax neurovascular paring - nerve and artery

A

long thoracic nerve

lateral thoracic artery

45
Q

surgical neck of humerus neurovascular paring - nerve and artery

A

axillary nerve

posterior circumflex artery

46
Q

midshaft of humerus neurovascular paring - nerve and artery

A

radial nerve

deep branchial

47
Q

radial nerve in midshaft of humerus is passing through

A

spiral groove

48
Q

The cubital fossa is a

A

triangular hollow area that lies in front of the elbow joint

49
Q

distal humerus/cubital fossa neurovascular paring - nerve and artery

A

median nerve

branchial artery

50
Q

The popliteal fossa

A

is a shallow depression located at the back of the knee joint (ιγνιακός βόθρος)

51
Q

popliteal fossa neurovascular paring - nerve and artery

A

tibial nerve

popliteal artery

52
Q

medial malleolus is

A

the medial surface of the lower extremity of tibia is prolonged downward to form a strong pyramidal process

53
Q

lateral malleolus

A

The lower extremity of the fibula (pyramidal form)

54
Q

posterior to medial malleolus neurovascular paring - nerve and artery

A

tibial nerve

posterior tibial

55
Q

malleolus in greek

A

σφυρό

56
Q

Tarsal tunnel is found

A

along the inner leg posterior to the medial malleolus.

57
Q

Lumbosarcal radiculopathy - intervertebral discs direction (why)

A

herniate posterolaterally due to the thin posterior longitudinal ligament and thicker anterior longitudinal ligament along the midline of the vertebral bodies

58
Q

site of intramascular injection

A

choose superolateral gluteal quardant to avoid nerve injury

59
Q

superior gluteal nerve innervates

A
  1. medius gluteous
  2. minimus gluteus
  3. tensor fascia latae
60
Q

presenation of proximal tibial nerve injury

A

foot everted at rest with loss of inversion and plantarfexion

Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue (19 decks)

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