lower extremities nerves / lumbosacral reticulopathy / neurovascular pairing

Question 1

lower extremity nerves:

Answer 1

1. obturator nerve (L2-L4)
2. femoral nerve (L2-L4)
3. Common peroneal nerve (L4-S2)
4. Tidial nerve (L4-S3)
5. superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)
6. inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
7. sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
8. pudendal (S2-S4)

Question 2

origin of obturator nerve

Answer 2

L2-L4

Question 3

causes of obturator nerve injury

Answer 3

pelvic surgery

Question 4

presentation of obturator nerve injury

Answer 4

1. decreased tight sensation (medial)

2. decreased adduction

Question 5

thigh the part of the human leg between the

Answer 5

hip and the knee

Question 6

origin of femoral nerve

Answer 6

L2-L4

Question 7

causes of femoral nerve injury

Answer 7

pelvic fracture

Question 8

presentation of femoral nerve injury

Answer 8

1. decreased tight flexion

2. decreased leg extension

Question 9

sciatic nerve splits into

Answer 9

1. common peroneal nerve

2. tibial nerve

Question 10

origin of common peroneal nerve

Answer 10

L4-S2

Question 11

causes of common peroneal nerve injury

Answer 11

1. trauma or compression of lateral aspect of leg

2. fibular neck fracture

Question 12

presenation of common peroneal nerve injury

Answer 12

1. foot drop

2. loss of sensation on dorsum foot

Question 13

foot drop - mechanim

Answer 13

inverted and plantar-flexed at rest (loss of eversion and dorsiflexion)

Question 14

foot eversion

Answer 14

out rotation

Question 15

foot inversion

Answer 15

medial rotation

Question 16

foot drop –>

Answer 16

steppage gait

Question 17

origin of tibial nerve

Answer 17

L4-S3

Question 18

causes of tibial nerve injury

Answer 18

1. knee trauma (proximal)
2. Baker cyst (proximal)
3. tarsal tunnel syndrome

Question 19

presenation of tibial nerve injury

Answer 19

1. inability to curl toes
2. loss of sensation on sole of foot
3. foot everted at rest with loss of inversion and plantarfexion (PROXIMAL LESIONS)

Question 20

origin of superior gluteal

Answer 20

L4-S1

Question 21

causes of superior gluteal injury

Answer 21

iatrogenic injury during intramuscular injection to upper medial gluteal region

Question 22

presentation of superior gluteal injury

Answer 22

Trendelenburg sign/gait

Question 23

Trendelenburg sign/gait

Answer 23

pelvis tilts because weight-bearing leg cannot maintain alignment of pelvis through hip abduction muscles

Question 24

hip abduction muscles (and innervation)

Answer 24

medius and minimus gluteus

innervation: superior gluteal

Question 25

Trendelenburg sign/gait: site of lesion

Answer 25

lesion is contralateral to the side of the hip that drops, | and ispilateral to extremity on which the patient stands

Question 26

origin of inferior gluteal nerve

Answer 26

L5-S2

Question 27

causes of inferior gluteal injury

Answer 27

posterior hip dislocation

Question 28

presentation of inferior gluteal injury (and why)

Answer 28

difficulty in climbing stairs or rising from sited position | loss of hip extension by gluteal maximus

Question 29

hip extension muscle and innervation

Answer 29

gluteal maximus | innervation: inferior gluteal nerve

Question 30

gluteal muscles and innervations

Answer 30

``` medius gluteus (superior gluteal nerve) minimus gluteus (superior gluteal nerve) maximus gluteus (inferior gluteal nerve) superior gluteal also innervates tensor fascia latae ```

Question 31

origin of sciatic nerve

Answer 31

L4-S3

Question 32

sciatic nerve innervates

Answer 32

posterior thigh

Question 33

origin of pudendal nerve

Answer 33

S2-S4

Question 34

pudendal nerve innervates

Answer 34

perineum

Question 35

perineum is the area

Answer 35

between the anus and the scrotum or vulva.

Question 36

pudendal nerve importance in childbirth

Answer 36

can be blocked with local anesthetics during childbirth using the ischial spine as a landmark for injection

Question 37

Sign of lumbosacral radiculopathy

Answer 37

paresthesias and weakness in distribution of specific lumbar or sacral spinal nerves

Question 38

lumbosacral radiculopathy is ofte due to

Answer 38

intervertebral disc herniation in which the nerve association with the INFERIOR vertebral body is impinged

Question 39

example: L3-L4 disc herniation affects -->

Answer 39

L4 spinal nerve

Question 40

L3-L4 disc hernitation - findings

Answer 40

1. weakness of knee extension | 2. decreased patellar reflex

Question 41

L4-L5 disc hernitation - findings

Answer 41

1. weakness of dosroflexion | 2. difficulty in heel-walking

Question 42

L5-S1 disc hernitation - findings

Answer 42

1. weakness of plantarflexion 2. difficulty in toe-walking 3. decreased Achilles reflex

Question 43

Neurovascular pairing - naming

Answer 43

nerves and arteries are frequently named together by the bones/regions with which they are associated. there are some exceptions

Question 44

axila/lateral thorax neurovascular paring - nerve and artery

Answer 44

long thoracic nerve | lateral thoracic artery

Question 45

surgical neck of humerus neurovascular paring - nerve and artery

Answer 45

axillary nerve | posterior circumflex artery

Question 46

midshaft of humerus neurovascular paring - nerve and artery

Answer 46

radial nerve | deep branchial

Question 47

radial nerve in midshaft of humerus is passing through

Answer 47

spiral groove

Question 48

The cubital fossa is a

Answer 48

triangular hollow area that lies in front of the elbow joint

Question 49

distal humerus/cubital fossa neurovascular paring - nerve and artery

Answer 49

median nerve | branchial artery

Question 50

The popliteal fossa

Answer 50

is a shallow depression located at the back of the knee joint (ιγνιακός βόθρος)

Question 51

popliteal fossa neurovascular paring - nerve and artery

Answer 51

tibial nerve | popliteal artery

Question 52

medial malleolus is

Answer 52

the medial surface of the lower extremity of tibia is prolonged downward to form a strong pyramidal process

Question 53

lateral malleolus

Answer 53

The lower extremity of the fibula (pyramidal form)

Question 54

posterior to medial malleolus neurovascular paring - nerve and artery

Answer 54

tibial nerve | posterior tibial

Question 55

malleolus in greek

Answer 55

σφυρό

Question 56

Tarsal tunnel is found

Answer 56

along the inner leg posterior to the medial malleolus.

Question 57

Lumbosarcal radiculopathy - intervertebral discs direction (why)

Answer 57

herniate posterolaterally due to the thin posterior longitudinal ligament and thicker anterior longitudinal ligament along the midline of the vertebral bodies

Question 58

site of intramascular injection

Answer 58

choose superolateral gluteal quardant to avoid nerve injury

Question 59

superior gluteal nerve innervates

Answer 59

1. medius gluteous 2. minimus gluteus 3. tensor fascia latae

Question 60

presenation of proximal tibial nerve injury

Answer 60

foot everted at rest with loss of inversion and plantarfexion