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Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue > Knee - rotator cuff muscles - elbow - wrist > Flashcards

Knee - rotator cuff muscles - elbow - wrist Flashcards

1
Q

ACL

A

anterior cruciate ligament

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2
Q

PCL

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

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3
Q

Anterior drawer sign

A

With patient supine, bending knee at 90 degree angle, increased anterior of tidia due to anterior cruciate ligament injury –> Lachman test is similar, but at 30 angle

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4
Q

Knee exams - tests?

A
  1. Anterior drawer sign
  2. Posterior drawer sign
  3. Abnormal passive abduction
  4. Abnormal passive adduction
  5. McMurray test
  6. Lachman sign
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5
Q

Posterior drawer sign

A

With patient supine, bending knee at 90 degree angle, increased posterior gliding of tidia due to posterior cruciate ligament

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6
Q

Abnormal passive abduction

A

With patient supine and knee either extended or at 30 degree angle, lateral (varus) force –> medial space widening of tidia –> MCL injury

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7
Q

Abnormal passive adduction

A

With patient supine and knee either extended or at 30 degree angle, medial (varus) force –> lateral space widening of tidia –> LCL injury

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8
Q

McMurray test

A

With the patient supine and knee internally and externally rotated during range of motion

  • pain, pooping on external rotation –> medial meniscal tear
  • pain, pooping on internal rotation –> lateral meniscal tear
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9
Q

anterior and posterior in anterior and posterior cruciate ligament refer to

A

sites of tibial attachment (superior surface)

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10
Q

ligaments of the knee

A
  1. anterior cruciate ligament
  2. posterior cruciate ligament
  3. lateral meniscus
  4. medial meniscus
  5. Lateral collateral ligament
  6. Medial collateral ligament
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11
Q

Lateral collateral ligament injury - test

A

abnormal passive adduction

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12
Q

posterior cruciate ligament - test

A

posterior drawer sign

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13
Q

meniscal tear test

A

McMurray test

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14
Q

abnormal passive adduction –> injury of

A

Lateral collateral ligament

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15
Q

lateral meniscal tear - test

A

McMurray test with internal rotation

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16
Q

common knee conditions

A
  1. Unhappy triad
  2. Prepatellar bursitis
  3. Baker cyst
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17
Q

Baker cyst?

A

popliteal fluid collection in gastrocnemius-semimembranosus bursa commonly communicating with synovial space and related to chronic joint disease

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18
Q

Baker cyst is commonly related to

A

chronic joint disease

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19
Q

prepateral bursitis is also called / definition

A

Housemaid’s Knee

inflammation of Knee’s largest sac of synovial fluid

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20
Q

prepateral bursitis - can be caused by

A
  1. repeated trauma

2. pressure from extensive kneeling

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21
Q

Unhappy triad - presents with

A

acute knee pain and signs of joint injury / instability

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22
Q

Unhappy triad - common in (why)

A

contact sports due to lateral force applied to a planted leg

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23
Q

Unhappy triad - problem?

A

classically consists of damage to

  1. anterior cruciate ligament
  2. Medial collateral ligament
  3. medial meniscus
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24
Q

most common injury - ligament?

A

medial meniscus

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25
Q

extensive kneeling can cause –> … (at the knee)

A

prepatellar bursitis

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26
Q

chronic joint disease can cause –> … (at the knee)

A

Baker cyst

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27
Q

common injury of the knee at contact sports –>

A

Unhappy triad

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28
Q

Rotator cuff muscles?

A

shoulder cuff muscles that form the rotator cuff

29
Q

rotator cuff muscles - muscles?

A
  1. supraspinatus
  2. infraspinatus
  3. teres minor
  4. subscapularis
30
Q

rotator cuff muscles are innervated primary by

31
Q

supraspinatus muscle is innervated by

A

suprascapular nerve

32
Q

supraspinatus muscle - function

A
  • abducts arm initially (before the action of deltoid)

- laterally rotates arm

33
Q

infraspinatus muscle is innervated by

A

suprascapular nerve

34
Q

infraspinatus muscle - function

A

laterally rotates arm

35
Q

teres minor is innervated by

A

axillary nerve

36
Q

teres minor - function

A

adducts and laterally rotates arm

37
Q

subscapularis is innervated by

A

upper and lower subscapsular nerve

38
Q

subscapularis muscle - function

A

medeally rotates and adducts arm

39
Q

most common rotator cuff muscle injury (and explain)

A

supraspinatus muscle – trauma or degeneration and impingement –> tenindopathy or tera

40
Q

supraspinatus muscle injury is assessed by

A

empty full/can test

41
Q

empty full/can test - process

A

The patient is tested at 90° elevation in the scapula plane and full internal rotation (empty can) or 45°external rotation (full can). Patient resists downward pressure exerted by examiner at patients elbow or wrist.

42
Q

empty full/can test to assess

A

supraspinatus muscle injury

43
Q

infraspinatus injury –>

A

pitching injury

44
Q

overuse injuries of the elbow

A
  1. Medial epicondylitis (golfer’s elbow)

2. Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)

45
Q

causes of medial epicondylitis (golfer’s elbow)

A
  1. repetitive flexion (forehand shots)

2. idiopathic

46
Q

causes of lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)

A
  1. repetitive extension (backhand shots)

2. idiopathic

47
Q

golfer’s elbow - area of pain

A

near medial epicondyle

48
Q

tennis elbow - area of pain

A

near lateral epicondyle

49
Q

abduction in greek

A

απαγωγή

50
Q

adduction in greek

A

προσαγωγή

51
Q

Wrist bones - names

A
  1. scaphoid 2. lunate 3. Triquetrum 4. Pisiform

5. Hamate 6. Capitate 7. Trapezoid 8. Trapezium

52
Q

Wrist bones - 1st series (lateral to medial)

A

Scaphoid - lunate - Triquentrum - pisiform

53
Q

Wrist bones - 2nd series (lateral to medial)

A

trapezium - trapezoid - capitate - hamate

54
Q

radius is attached to (wrist)

A

scaphoid and lunate

55
Q

scaphoid is palpated in (area)

A

anatomic snuff box

56
Q

most commonly fractured of the carpal bone (typically how)

A

scaphoid - typically from a foll on an outstretched hand

57
Q

scaphoid fracture is prone to (why)

A

avascular necrosis owing to retrograde blood supply

58
Q

dislocation of lunate may cause

A

acute carpal tunnel syndrome

59
Q

a fall on an outstretched hand that damages the hook of the hamate can cause

A

ulnar nerve injury

60
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome - nerve?

A

median nerve

61
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome - mechanism

A

entrapment of median nerve in carpal tunnel –> nerve compression

62
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome - symptoms

A
  1. pain 2. paresthesia 3. numbness

(in distribution of median nerve)

63
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome is associated with

A
  1. pregnancy 2. RA 3. hypothyroidism 4. repetitive use
  2. dislocation of lunate (acute Carpal tunnel syndrome)
  3. diabetes 7. dialysis related amyloidosis
64
Q

Guyon canal syndrome?

A

Compression of ulnar nerve at wrist or hand

65
Q

Guyon canal syndrome is classically seen in (why)

A

cyclists due to pressure from handlebars

66
Q

ACL - anatomy

A

extends from lateral femoral condyle to anterior tibia

67
Q

PCL - anatomy

A

extends from medial femoral condyle to posterior tibia

68
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome - thenar

A
  • atrophy

- sensation spared, because palmar cutaneous branches enters the hand external to carpal tunel

Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue (19 decks)

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