Knee - rotator cuff muscles - elbow - wrist

Question 1

ACL

Answer 1

anterior cruciate ligament

Question 2

PCL

Answer 2

Posterior cruciate ligament

Question 3

Anterior drawer sign

Answer 3

With patient supine, bending knee at 90 degree angle, increased anterior of tidia due to anterior cruciate ligament injury –> Lachman test is similar, but at 30 angle

Question 4

Knee exams - tests?

Answer 4

1. Anterior drawer sign
2. Posterior drawer sign
3. Abnormal passive abduction
4. Abnormal passive adduction
5. McMurray test
6. Lachman sign

Question 5

Posterior drawer sign

Answer 5

With patient supine, bending knee at 90 degree angle, increased posterior gliding of tidia due to posterior cruciate ligament

Question 6

Abnormal passive abduction

Answer 6

With patient supine and knee either extended or at 30 degree angle, lateral (varus) force –> medial space widening of tidia –> MCL injury

Question 7

Abnormal passive adduction

Answer 7

With patient supine and knee either extended or at 30 degree angle, medial (varus) force –> lateral space widening of tidia –> LCL injury

Question 8

McMurray test

Answer 8

With the patient supine and knee internally and externally rotated during range of motion

• pain, pooping on external rotation –> medial meniscal tear
• pain, pooping on internal rotation –> lateral meniscal tear

Question 9

anterior and posterior in anterior and posterior cruciate ligament refer to

Answer 9

sites of tibial attachment (superior surface)

Question 10

ligaments of the knee

Answer 10

1. anterior cruciate ligament
2. posterior cruciate ligament
3. lateral meniscus
4. medial meniscus
5. Lateral collateral ligament
6. Medial collateral ligament

Question 11

Lateral collateral ligament injury - test

Answer 11

abnormal passive adduction

Question 12

posterior cruciate ligament - test

Answer 12

posterior drawer sign

Question 13

meniscal tear test

Answer 13

McMurray test

Question 14

abnormal passive adduction –> injury of

Answer 14

Lateral collateral ligament

Question 15

lateral meniscal tear - test

Answer 15

McMurray test with internal rotation

Question 16

common knee conditions

Answer 16

1. Unhappy triad
2. Prepatellar bursitis
3. Baker cyst

Question 17

Baker cyst?

Answer 17

popliteal fluid collection in gastrocnemius-semimembranosus bursa commonly communicating with synovial space and related to chronic joint disease

Question 18

Baker cyst is commonly related to

Answer 18

chronic joint disease

Question 19

prepateral bursitis is also called / definition

Answer 19

Housemaid’s Knee

inflammation of Knee’s largest sac of synovial fluid

Question 20

prepateral bursitis - can be caused by

Answer 20

1. repeated trauma

2. pressure from extensive kneeling

Question 21

Unhappy triad - presents with

Answer 21

acute knee pain and signs of joint injury / instability

Question 22

Unhappy triad - common in (why)

Answer 22

contact sports due to lateral force applied to a planted leg

Question 23

Unhappy triad - problem?

Answer 23

classically consists of damage to

1. anterior cruciate ligament
2. Medial collateral ligament
3. medial meniscus

Question 24

most common injury - ligament?

Answer 24

medial meniscus

Question 25

extensive kneeling can cause --> ... (at the knee)

Answer 25

prepatellar bursitis

Question 26

chronic joint disease can cause --> ... (at the knee)

Answer 26

Baker cyst

Question 27

common injury of the knee at contact sports -->

Answer 27

Unhappy triad

Question 28

Rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 28

shoulder cuff muscles that form the rotator cuff

Question 29

rotator cuff muscles - muscles?

Answer 29

1. supraspinatus 2. infraspinatus 3. teres minor 4. subscapularis

Question 30

rotator cuff muscles are innervated primary by

Answer 30

C5-C6

Question 31

supraspinatus muscle is innervated by

Answer 31

suprascapular nerve

Question 32

supraspinatus muscle - function

Answer 32

- abducts arm initially (before the action of deltoid) | - laterally rotates arm

Question 33

infraspinatus muscle is innervated by

Answer 33

suprascapular nerve

Question 34

infraspinatus muscle - function

Answer 34

laterally rotates arm

Question 35

teres minor is innervated by

Answer 35

axillary nerve

Question 36

teres minor - function

Answer 36

adducts and laterally rotates arm

Question 37

subscapularis is innervated by

Answer 37

upper and lower subscapsular nerve

Question 38

subscapularis muscle - function

Answer 38

medeally rotates and adducts arm

Question 39

most common rotator cuff muscle injury (and explain)

Answer 39

supraspinatus muscle -- trauma or degeneration and impingement --> tenindopathy or tera

Question 40

supraspinatus muscle injury is assessed by

Answer 40

empty full/can test

Question 41

empty full/can test - process

Answer 41

The patient is tested at 90° elevation in the scapula plane and full internal rotation (empty can) or 45°external rotation (full can). Patient resists downward pressure exerted by examiner at patients elbow or wrist.

Question 42

empty full/can test to assess

Answer 42

supraspinatus muscle injury

Question 43

infraspinatus injury -->

Answer 43

pitching injury

Question 44

overuse injuries of the elbow

Answer 44

1. Medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow) | 2. Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)

Question 45

causes of medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow)

Answer 45

1. repetitive flexion (forehand shots) | 2. idiopathic

Question 46

causes of lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)

Answer 46

1. repetitive extension (backhand shots) | 2. idiopathic

Question 47

golfer's elbow - area of pain

Answer 47

near medial epicondyle

Question 48

tennis elbow - area of pain

Answer 48

near lateral epicondyle

Question 49

abduction in greek

Answer 49

απαγωγή

Question 50

adduction in greek

Answer 50

προσαγωγή

Question 51

Wrist bones - names

Answer 51

1. scaphoid 2. lunate 3. Triquetrum 4. Pisiform | 5. Hamate 6. Capitate 7. Trapezoid 8. Trapezium

Question 52

Wrist bones - 1st series (lateral to medial)

Answer 52

Scaphoid - lunate - Triquentrum - pisiform

Question 53

Wrist bones - 2nd series (lateral to medial)

Answer 53

trapezium - trapezoid - capitate - hamate

Question 54

radius is attached to (wrist)

Answer 54

scaphoid and lunate

Question 55

scaphoid is palpated in (area)

Answer 55

anatomic snuff box

Question 56

most commonly fractured of the carpal bone (typically how)

Answer 56

scaphoid - typically from a foll on an outstretched hand

Question 57

scaphoid fracture is prone to (why)

Answer 57

avascular necrosis owing to retrograde blood supply

Question 58

dislocation of lunate may cause

Answer 58

acute carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 59

a fall on an outstretched hand that damages the hook of the hamate can cause

Answer 59

ulnar nerve injury

Question 60

Carpal tunnel syndrome - nerve?

Answer 60

median nerve

Question 61

Carpal tunnel syndrome - mechanism

Answer 61

entrapment of median nerve in carpal tunnel --> nerve compression

Question 62

Carpal tunnel syndrome - symptoms

Answer 62

1. pain 2. paresthesia 3. numbness | (in distribution of median nerve)

Question 63

Carpal tunnel syndrome is associated with

Answer 63

1. pregnancy 2. RA 3. hypothyroidism 4. repetitive use 5. dislocation of lunate (acute Carpal tunnel syndrome) 6. diabetes 7. dialysis related amyloidosis

Question 64

Guyon canal syndrome?

Answer 64

Compression of ulnar nerve at wrist or hand

Question 65

Guyon canal syndrome is classically seen in (why)

Answer 65

cyclists due to pressure from handlebars

Question 66

ACL - anatomy

Answer 66

extends from lateral femoral condyle to anterior tibia

Question 67

PCL - anatomy

Answer 67

extends from medial femoral condyle to posterior tibia

Question 68

Carpal tunnel syndrome - thenar

Answer 68

- atrophy | - sensation spared, because palmar cutaneous branches enters the hand external to carpal tunel