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CIC Flashcards > Prevention/controlling Transmission Of Infectious Agents > Flashcards

Prevention/controlling Transmission Of Infectious Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Category A bioterrorism agents:

A

Easily transmitted, high mortality/public health impact, panic.

Be past:
Botulism, Ebola/viral hemorrhagic, plague, anthrax, smallpox, tularemia(francisella tularensis)

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2
Q

Category B bioterrorism agents

A

Moderately easy to disseminate, moderate morbidity/low mortality, require enhanced surveillance

Brucellosis, clostridium perfringes, glandes, Q fever, ricin, food and water safety threats, typhus, etc

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3
Q

Category C bioterrorism agents

A

Emerging pathogens that could be engendered for mass dissemination.

Available, easy to produce, potentially high mortality and morbidity.

Nipha virus, hanta virus

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4
Q

bioterrorism agents not spread from person to person

A

Anthrax, botulism, ricin, tularemia, viral encephalitis, q-fever(except rare occasions)

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5
Q

Smallpox precautions

A

Airborne and contact

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6
Q

Ebola precautions

A

Contact, standard

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7
Q

Pneumonic plague precautions

A

Droplet (and standard)

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8
Q

Strategies for VAP reduction

A 
Elevate head of bed 30-40 degrees
Daily antiseptic of the mouth
Peptic ulcer disease prophylaxis 
Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis 
Daily sedation vacations
Ensuring cuff pressure 
Turn patient side to side every 2 hours
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9
Q

Operating rooms environment

A

Positive pressure to adjacent areas

15 air changes per hour- 3 of which must be fresh air

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10
Q

The 3rd most common HAI?

A

SSIs

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11
Q

Airborne precautions require how many air exchanges per hour?

A

12- with direct exhaust to outside.

It says 6 to 12 but I am saying 12.

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12
Q

For any waste to be capable of causing infections- the following are required

A

Presence of a pathogen if sufficient virulence and dose
Portal of entry for the organism into the body
Susceptible host

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13
Q

What ensures a timely notification for the IP for early planing of construction efforts?

A

Construction and renovation policy (CRP)

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14
Q

Neisseria meningitides is a gram negative diplodoci. What precautions are indicated?

A

Standard plus Droplet for first 24 hours of antibiotic treatment

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15
Q

Cauti prevention

A

Documented of need for cath
Collection is a closed system
Urine bag is below the level of patient bladder
Tubing is free of loops

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16
Q

List the mechanical barriers to infection

A

Intact skin, mucous membranes, cilia, bacterial flora

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17
Q

What is the most common hai in pediatric wards

A

Rsv

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18
Q

Suspect tb patients should stay in isolation until

A

Another diagnosis is made to explain condition or 3 consecutive negative sputum collected 8-24 hours apart and one should be early morning

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19
Q

Ways Ip can support anti microbial stewardship

A

Calculate infection rates of Mdro
Calculate incidence based on culture results
Use molecular typing for outbreaks
Detect asymptomatic carriers using active surveillance cultures

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20
Q

What is the first thing that should be done when hemodialysis water cultures are over the limit?

A

Disinfect the system with 48 hours of report

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21
Q

What are risk factors for tb transmission

A

Cavitation disease, smear positive, cough

Improper ventilation, improper rooming, and improper respirator n95 use.

Surgical mask on patient reduces risk

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22
Q

According to ACIP which of the following should receive hep b vaccine

A

Multiple sex partners/msm
Adults with diabetes
Residents and staff of facilities for development delayed persons

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23
Q

Why should healthcare workers with patient contact from wearing artificial nails

A

They are more likely to have more gram negative bacteria under their bails compared to natural nails

24
Q

What recommendation regarding mask wearing for staff with documented immunity when caring for a patient in airborne precautions for varicella?

A

No mask is needed. The same is true for measles

25
Q

Infections of short term IV devices (fewer than 10 days) are associated with what?

A

Percutanious transmission during insertion
Extraluinal transmission
Contamination if iv fluids

In contrast long term device infections are generally from contaminated Cather hub and liminal fluid

26
Q

What should be stressed in the annual evaluation of the ip program?

A

Outline the achievements and activities of the program

The value of the program to the organization

27
Q

Activities to reduce CRE transmission

A

Place colonized patients in contact precaution
Minimize device use
Use antibiotics appropriately
Notify provider of positive results

Do not do universal screening- focus on high risk- icu, long term care

28
Q

Multi dose vial for eye drops

A

Should not be used on multiple patients if they have infection of the eye.

If no infection and it does not have contact with patient conjunctiva or tears it can be shared and must be used in 28 days

29
Q

To improve hand hygiene compliance you should use multiple strategies including:

A

Provide evidence based info about hand contamination
Effect of hand hygiene products on skin
Info about association between hand hygiene practices and transmission of infection.

30
Q

Which federal agencies have published regulations regarding infection and medical or regulated waste?

A

EPA, OSHA, DOT

31
Q

What should be included when planning for active surveillance cultures?

A

Additional staff for lab and obtaining culture
Ensuring turnaround time for results
Mechanism to communicate results to provides
Monitoring adherence to contact precautions
Measure outcomes to evaluate effectiveness

32
Q

According to cdc what precautions should be used for insertion of central lines?

A

Cap, mask, sterile gloves, sterile gown, and sterile full body drape

33
Q

———— contact involves the transfer of infectious agent through a contaminated intermediate object or person

A

Indirect

Examples include inadequately cleaned equipment, hands of hcw if not cleaned, food and water contamination

34
Q

True or false- stopcocks can increase contamination rate of central lines?

A

True

35
Q

What are the recommendations for pregnant with influenza in labor?

A

Droplet precautions
Surgical mask and hand hygiene prior to contact with baby
All persons within 3 ft of mom should mask

36
Q

Which vein is associated with lower risk of clabsi

A

Subclavian

37
Q

What are the 3 risk factors for postpartum urinary tract infections

A

Induction of labor
Cesarean delivery
Tocolysis.

Not twin births!

38
Q

Non infectious postoperative endophthalmitis is most often associated with:

A

Toxic anterior segment syndrome TASS

39
Q

Malassezia furfur is most associated with

A

lipid infusions

40
Q

Strategies to prevent infection of dialysis access site include

A

Utilizing an AV graft if a fistula cannot be established
Using a tunneled cuff catheter for acute dialysis less than 3 weeks
Using femoral catheters on bedbound patients only and for less than 5 days
Jugular preferred over subclavian (opposite for clabsi prevention)

41
Q

What is the recommended follow up for patient admitted with wound culture positive for mycobacterium marinum

A

No follow up required. Not transmissible

42
Q

Is decolonization of MRSA positive patient prior to surgery a strategy to reduce transmission of infections in healthcare setting?

A

No. It is to prevent SSIs in individual patients

43
Q

What are the highest risk antibiotics for c diff

A

Third generation cephalosporin

44
Q

Prevention strategies to reduce SSI

A

Administer antimicrobial prophylaxis in accordance with evidence based guidance. Hour prior to incision, 2 hrs for vancomycin and flouroquinilones

Identify and treat remote infections before elective operations.

45
Q

Activities to reduce the bioload of microorganisms on pts skin:

A

Washing from clean to less clean areas
Preop shower using antimicrobial soap
Washing with antimicrobial soap to reduce carriage of resistant organism
Active surveillance for epi significant organism
Maintained good oral hygiene
Encourage good genital area cleaning
Good hand hygiene
Treatment of remote site infections prior to surgery
Personal risk reduction like smoking secession, weight loss

46
Q

Patients that received small pox vaccine need what precautions

A

Standard. Unless Eczema vaccinatum or generalized vaccinia - which would warrant contact precautions

47
Q

Patients with rapid neurological degradation and positive results of either EEG (sharp wave complexes), 14-3-3 CSF assay, or mri .

A

Creutzfeldt Jakob disease

48
Q

Privacy curtains should be changed and cleaned:

A

On a routine schedule and whenever soiled

Changed after a patient on contact isolation is transferred or discharged

49
Q

What isolations precautions are indicated when unknown agent causes severe illness with rapidly progressing respiratory symptoms?

A

Airborne.

Called syndrome based isolation precautions

50
Q

The greatest concern in emergency situation with a patient with non traditional body piercing is

A

Not being familiar with the opening mechanism to remove it

51
Q

Sterile gloves are required for:

A

Central line dressing changes
Dressing change with bedside debridement
Trach suctioning not within closed sheath

52
Q

Factors that increase risk for HAI

A

Type of patient care activity
Mode of transmission/pathogenicity of the infectious agent
Patients host defenses
Duration of exposure

53
Q

Hep B HBsAg can be detected

A

During acute and chronic HBV infection

Also may result 7-30 days after receiving Hep B vaccination

54
Q

How long does s. Aureus like MRSA live on surfaces

A 
Up to 12 months
C diff: 5 months
VRE: 46 months
Klebsia: 30 months
Noro: 2 weeks
Pseudomonas/Acinobactor: 11/16 months
55
Q

When/how often does CDC recommend changing floor mopping solution

A

Every 3 rooms and at least every 60 minutes

56
Q

An organisms ability to enter tissue is its

A

Infectivity

CIC Flashcards (9 decks)

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