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CIC Flashcards > Sterilization, Disinfectant, Cleaning > Flashcards

Sterilization, Disinfectant, Cleaning Flashcards

1
Q

——— removes foreign material that interfere with the sterilization process?

A

Cleaning.

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2
Q

Why should instruments be kept moist after cleaning?

A

Prevents any materials from drying on the instruments which makes sterilization less effective

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3
Q

———— is a classification system for reprocessing contaminated medical devices based on the risk of contamination of a device to a patient

A

Spaulding classification

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4
Q

Critical items:

A

High risk for infection if contaminated. Any device that enters sterile tissue.
Must be sterilized to reuse

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5
Q

Semi critical items

A

Have contact with mucous membranes or non intact skin.
Vaginal probes, respiratory equipment
Require high level disinfectant for reuse

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6
Q

Non-critical items

A

Contact intact skin
Stethoscope, etc
Require low or intermediate level disinfection for reuse

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7
Q

Blank Destroys all microorganisms including spores.

A

Sterilization

Using steam for heat resistant items, chemicals like ethylene oxide(eto)for heat sensitive

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8
Q

Microorganisms they are easy to kill, group A

A

Lipid or medium size viruses (hep b, hiv, hav)

Vegetative bacteria- staphylococcus, pseudomonas, etc.

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9
Q

Microorganisms that had intermediate level resistance - group b resistance

A

Non-lipid or small viruses (polio, coxsackie) ie hydrophilic viruses
Fungi
Mycobacterium

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10
Q

Organisms that are the Hardest to kill- group c - need sterilization

A

Bacterial spores- bacillus atrophied, c diff, etc
Cryptosporidium
Prions (highest of all)

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11
Q

What temp is needed for steam sterilization

A

250 f - also need constant pressure, adequate time, and mosture

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12
Q

The process of preventing contamination with microbes is called

A

Asepsis

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13
Q

Decontamination is the process by which an item is:

A

Rendered safe for handling without protective attire

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14
Q

An increase in bilirubin has been associated with which disinfectant

A

Phenolic

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15
Q

Endoscope processing

A

Clean
disinfect (using product instructions) by immersing in high level disinfectant into all channels for recommended time
Rinse with water (sterile, filtered, or tap if meets federal clean water standards)
Dry- rinse with alcohol and dry with forced air

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16
Q

Ultrasonic cleaners…

A

Sonic waves make bubbles that expand and implode that dislodge soil from surfaces.

Advantage: can reach in crevices and cavitation

Disadvantages: maintenance, no rinse, can damage delicate studd

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17
Q

Washer-sterilizer cleaners

A

Cleans by vigorous agitation in detergent bath
Adv: Renders items safe to handle and removes gross soil

Dis: lots of criteria needed - time, ph, detergent used, procedure used, etc

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18
Q

Antiseptics are regulated by the

A

food and drug administration (fda)

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19
Q

Fed govt Agencies that have most impact on Infection prevention are under which branch of govt?

A

Executive branch.

Dept of health and human service is main with branches like cdc, niosh, fda, nih, etc)

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20
Q

OSHA enforces it standard by

A

Inspections

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21
Q

Enzymatic cleaner should be discarded

A

After each use as they are not microbicidal and will not stop microbial growth

22
Q

What organism is most likely to be associated with contaminated disinfectants?

A

Pseudomonas species.

23
Q

Event related storage of sterile items allows them to be used at any time after processing as long as

A

It was stored in a dry well ventilated dust free insect free and temperature of controlled area. They must be inspected to ensure that the wrapping is still intact no tears punctures or evidence of water intrusion.

24
Q

What is the first action that should be done when a biological indicator from a sterilizer turns positive

A

Retrieve unused items from the load.

25
Q

Nearest alcohol swabs that are placed on top of a dialysis machine in an active dialysis unit

A

Should be discarded. Any medication or patient care supplies that come in contact with the dialysis machine should be discarded

26
Q

Blank Destroys All micro organisms except for high numbers of bacterial spores

A

High-level disinfectant

27
Q

Blank destroys Vegetative bacteria, mycobacterium, Most viruses, most fungi, but not bacterial spores

A

Mid-level disinfection

28
Q

Destroys vegetative bacteria, some fungi, some viruses, But not mycobacterium or spores

A

Low level disinfection

29
Q

The use of blank may result in Endotoxin contamination Of surgical instruments

A

Ultrasonic cleaners

30
Q

Washer pasteurizer’s are typically use to clean what type of instrument

A

Respiratory instruments. They use hot water 70°C for 30 minutes. It is at 70°C to not damage plastics

31
Q

Blank is the preferred method of Sterilization

A

Steam sterilization. 250° for 90 minutes

32
Q

What are some limitations of liquid chemical sterilants? Etheline oxide, Hydrogen peroxide Gas plasma, ozone, etc

A

The time it takes 3 to 12 hours
Device cannot be wrapped during processing- (so harder to stay sterile in storage)
They need to be rinsed following sterilization according to the manufacturers instructions
Should only be used on items that cannot be steam sterilized– Heat sensitive items

33
Q

Blank are microbial masses Attached to surfaces that are immersed in liquid.

A

Biofilms. Bacteria in biofilms are up to 1000 times more resistant To antimicrobials.

34
Q

Blank is an acute noninfectious Inflammatory reaction To the anterior segment of the eye Typically occurring 12 to 48 After uneventful cataract surgery

A

TASS Toxic anterior segment syndrome. Associated with improper instrument cleaning and or powder from gloves

35
Q

High risk tissues for prion disease like Cruzfelt Jacobs disease are

A

Brain, spine, and Iete

36
Q

Advantages to OPA (ortho phthalaldehyde)

A

Fast acting
No activation required
Odor not significant

37
Q

Disadvantages to OPA (ortho phthalaldehyde)

A 
Stains proteins gray 
Eye irritation with contact
Expense
Slow sporocital activity
Anaphylactic reactions in bladder cancer patients
38
Q

Advantages of glutaraldehyde

A

Numerous use studies published
Inexpensive
Excellent material coverage

39
Q

Disadvantages of glutaraldehyde

A

Respiratory irritation from vapor
Pungent odor
Coagulations blood and fixes tissue to surfaces
Slow mycobactericidal activity

40
Q

Advantages to hydrogen peroxide

A 
No activation required- fast acting
No odor or irritation 
Low toxicity - lowest of all in fact
Does not coagulate blood or fix tissue
No disposal issues
Inactivates crypto
41
Q

Disadvantages to hydrogen peroxide

A

Material compatibility concerns-brass, copper, zinc-both cosmetic and functional
Serious eye damage with contact

42
Q

List of semi-critical equipment

A 
Cystoscopes 
Laryngoscopes 
Vaginal/rectal probes
Gi endoscopes
Bronchoscopes
Diaphragm fitting rings
Respiratory therapy devices
43
Q

Examples of critical medical equipment

A

Surgical instruments
Cardiac and urinary catheters
Implants
Ultrasound probes for sterile body cavities

44
Q

When must floors in the operating room be cleaned and disinfected?

A

After each case. It is only necessary to clean a 3-4 foot perimeter around the operating table unless wider perimeter of contamination identified

Reusable string or microfiber mops may be used and changed after each use.

If cotton mop- clean mop head and fresh disinfectant after each case

45
Q

What should you look for when inspecting a 3rd party reprocessing site?

A

Their cleaning and decontamination process and
Sterilizing load preparation process.

Also review their quality control records

46
Q

What disinfectant can inactivate cryptosporidium

A

Hydrogen peroxide

47
Q

Chlorhexidine should be used on PICCs because

A

Effectiveness
30 second dry time
Low incidence of allergic reaction
No need to be rinsed.

Not approved for infants under 2 months of age

48
Q

Endoscope carrying cases should…

A

Be discarded if used to carry an unprocessed endoscope

Also should Not be used to store clean or dirty endoscopes in a healthcare facility

49
Q

What govt agency has a key focus on reprocessing of reusable medical devices (like endoscopes) and single use devices

A

Food and drug administration FDA

50
Q

Bleach solutions stored in a closed container, spray bottle, etc will remain stable for how long

A

30 days.

If open contain it is stable for 24 hours

51
Q

Low and intermediate level disinfection is regulated by

A

The EPA

52
Q

High level disinfectant, sterilants and antiseptic are regulated by the

A

FDA

CIC Flashcards (9 decks)

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