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RUSVM Epi Summer 17 > Prevention, Control, & Eradication > Flashcards

Prevention, Control, & Eradication Flashcards

1
Q

What is primary prevention?

A

prevention aimed at maintaining a healthy population

- preventing the occurrence of a disease

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2
Q

What are some examples of primary prevention?

A

Vaccination protocols
Border security, meat inspection/hygiene
Removing specified risk material from food/feed

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3
Q

What is secondary prevention?

A

Attempts to minimize damage after dz has occurred

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4
Q

What are some examples of secondary prevention?

A

Screening for breast or prostate cancer
Physical examinations with annual vaccination of pets and annual blood work in geriatric pets
In a population: test and slaughter and or stamping out methods

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5
Q

When does tertiary prevention become necessary?

A

After primary and secondary prevention has failed

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6
Q

T/F: Tertiary prevention applies mostly to he individual and consists of rehabilitation

A

TRUE

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7
Q

What is the goal of tertiary prevention?

A

To reduce complications, slow down the progression, and reduce the severity of the symptoms. To maintain the best quality of life

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8
Q

What category of prevention would management of a diabetic cat fall under?

A

Tertiary

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9
Q

Steps taken to reduce a disease problem to a tolerable level and maintain it at that level is considered ______. This is similar to _________ prevention.

A

Control

Similar to secondary prevention

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10
Q

What is the final step in dz control efforts?

A

Eradication

It consists of complete elimination of the dz-producing agent from a defined geographic location.

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11
Q

What is total eradication, and what are two examples of pathogens that have been totally eradicated?

A

Disease agent has been completely removed from the area of concern

Smallpox and Rinderpest

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12
Q

What is practical eradication?

A

Elimination of organisms from the reservoirs of importance to humans or their domestic animals

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13
Q

What is a pathogen that has been “practically eradicated” in the US?

A

Rabies

reservoirs are not humans or their domestic pets – raccoons, skunks, bats, foxes

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14
Q

What are the three principles of dz control and eradication?

A

Reservoir neutralization
Reducing contact potential (between infected and susceptible)
Increasing host resistance

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15
Q

What are some (3) methods of reservoir neutralization?

A
  1. Removing infected individuals: Could be via test and slaughter methods or Mass therapy (treating without testing first)
  2. Rendering infected individuals non shedders: vaccination
  3. Manipulating the environment: Ex. - parasite control and mosquito control (for taenia and WNV)
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16
Q

What are 3 ways to reduce contact potential?

A
  1. Isolation or tx of cases: this reduces probability of contact with susceptible animals and facilitates tx **not ideal when non symptomatic animals are shedding
  2. Quarantine of possible infected
  3. Population control and reduction: Ex - leash laws in the US to control rabies and reduce fecal contamination and Rabies control - by capturing and euthanizing stray dogs :(
17
Q

What are 3 ways to increase host resistance?

A
  1. Genetic selection and good welfare
  2. Chemoprophylaxis: preventative in nature: mostly antimicrobial in humans
  3. Vaccination
18
Q

What are the 5 National dz control components?

A
  1. Animal health law and regulations
  2. Disease control management agency
  3. Veterinary/inspection services
  4. laboratory services
  5. Surveillance, information, education, communication and training
19
Q

What are the three levels of animal health law and regulation?

A

International: WTO-SPS-OIE

National: Animal health act and animal quarantine laws

State: states have their own regulations

20
Q

What is the agreement that nations must sign when they join the WTO?

A

Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures agreement

Gives WTO member nations the right to apply measures to protect human, animal. and plant life and health (based on science, not disguised barriers to trade)

21
Q

What is the mission of the USDA-APHIS?

A

To protect the health and value of American agriculture and natural resources

RUSVM Epi Summer 17 (29 decks)

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