preventing and treating disease

Question 1

what does vaccination invlove

Answer 1

a small quantity of dead or inactive forms of a pathogen are introduced to the body, the white blood cells are stimulated to make white blood cells

Question 2

why does vaccination protect someone from a disease

Answer 2

if the same pathogen re enters the body the white blood cells respond quicklu to produce the correct anti bodies, preventing infection

Question 3

what are examples of an antibiotic

Answer 3

penicillin

Question 4

what are antibiotics

Answer 4

medicines that help cure bacterial disease by killing infective bacteria inside the body

Question 5

what are advantages of antibiotics

Answer 5

they have greatly reduced death from infectious bacterial infections

Question 6

what are the concerns around the use of antibiotics

Answer 6

the emergence of strains of bacteria resistant to antibiotics

Question 7

why is it difficult to develop drugs that kill viruses

Answer 7

the drug typically damage the body tissues also

Question 8

traditionall where were drugs extracted from

Answer 8

plants and microorganisms

Question 9

where does the heart drug digitalis originate from

Answer 9

foxgloves

Question 10

where does the painkiller aspirin originate from

Answer 10

willow

Question 11

who discovered penicillin

Answer 11

alwxander fleming

Question 12

where does penicillin originate from

Answer 12

penicillim mould

Question 13

how are most new drugs synthesised

Answer 13

by chemists in the pharmaceutical industry

Question 14

why dk new medical drugs have to be tested and trialled before being used

Answer 14

to check if they are safe and effective

Question 15

what are new drugs tested for

Answer 15

toxicity, efficacy and dose

Question 16

what does preclinical testing involve

Answer 16

testing is done in a lab using cells tissues and live animals

Question 17

what does clinical testing involve

Answer 17

they use healthy volunteers, followed by patients. low doses of drug giveb at the start for safety, if found to be sage further trials are done in optimum dose

Question 18

what is a double blind trial

Answer 18

a trial in which a group are given a placebo and another are given the drug, neither doctor nor patient know who has been given what

Question 19

why are drugs tested using a placebo

Answer 19

to prove what drug is wffective and avoid the bias

Question 20

why are drugs tested on animals

Answer 20

to find out if the drug is toxic

Question 21

what does the term does mean

Answer 21

the concentration of the drug to be used and how often the drug should be given

Question 22

what does the term toxicity mean

Answer 22

side effects making the person ill

Question 23

what does the term efficacy mean

Answer 23

whether the drug works to treat the illness