Pretest Study guide

Question 1

Which life-span perspective of development describes the capacity to change?

Answer 1

Plastic Development

Question 2

Which life-span perspective of development occurs within families, schools, peer groups, neighborhoods, universities, and countries?

Answer 2

Contextual development

Question 3

Which life-span perspective of development includes how body, mind, emotions, and relationships change and affect each other?

Answer 3

Multidimensional development

Question 4

Which life-span perspective of development Involves biological, cultural, and individual factors?

Answer 4

Co-constructional development

Question 5

Define descriptive research:

Answer 5

Descriptive research is defined as a research method that describes the characteristics of the population or phenomenon that is being studied. This methodology focuses more on the “what” of the research subject rather than the “why” of the research subject.

Question 6

Describe Passive genotype-environment correlation:

Answer 6

biological parents, who are genetically related to the child, provide a rearing environment for the child. For example, the parents might have a genetic predisposition to be intelligent and read skillfully. Because they read well and enjoy reading, they provide their children with books to read. The likely outcome is that their children, because of both their own inherited predispositions and their book-filled environment, will become skilled readers.

Question 7

Describe Evocative genotype-environment correlation:

Answer 7

a child’s genetically influenced characteristics elicit certain types of environments. For example, active, smiling children receive more social stimulation than passive, quiet children do. Page 66Cooperative, attentive children evoke more pleasant and instructional responses from the adults around them than uncooperative, distractible children do.

Question 8

Describe Active (niche-picking) genotype-environment correlation:

Answer 8

children seek out environments that they find compatible and stimulating. Niche-picking refers to finding a setting that is suited to one’s genetically influenced abilities. Children select from their surrounding environment certain aspects that they respond to, learn about, or ignore. Their active selections of environments are related to their particular genotype. For example, outgoing children tend to seek out social contexts in which to interact with people