Infancy: Physical and Cognitive

Question 1

Define Cephalocaudal pattern of growth:

Answer 1

sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs at the top – the head- with physical growth and differentiation of features gradually working their way down from top to bottom

Question 2

Define Proximaodistal pattern of growth:

Answer 2

sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities

Question 3

What are reflexes?

Answer 3

Reflexes are built-in reactions to stimuli.

Question 4

What are two reflexes that disappear several months after birth.

Answer 4

The rooting and Moro reflex disappear a few months after birth

Question 5

What are a few examples of reflexes that persist throughout our lives.

Answer 5

Yawning, coughing, sneezing, blinking, shivering

Question 6

What is the main idea of the dynamic systems view of development?

Answer 6

The main idea is that in order to develop motor skills an infant must perceive something in their environment that motivates them to act

Question 7

Describe the expectations of gross motor and fine motor development for a 3 month old:

Answer 7

Gross motor: prone, lift head, prone chest up, use arms for support, roll over

fine motor: reaching and grasping

Question 8

Describe the expectations of gross motor and fine motor development for a 6 month old:

Answer 8

gross motor: support some weight with legs, sit without support

fine motor: use of touch to grasp objects, palmar griping

Question 9

Describe the expectations of gross motor and fine motor development for a 9 month old:

Answer 9

gross motor: stand withs upport, pull self to stand

fine motor: use of vision to grasp objects

Question 10

Describe the expectations of gross motor and fine motor development for a 12 month old:

Answer 10

gross motor: walk using furniture for support, stand alone easily, walk alone easily

fine motor: pincer griping

Question 11

How are sensation and perception related?

Answer 11

The information that hits receptors is a sensation and perception is how we interpret the sensation. Thus, both are our reactions to a stimuli

Question 12

What do infants prefer to look at?

Answer 12

Infants prefer to look at patterns and faces rather than color

Question 13

What do infants prefer to hear?

Answer 13

Familiar sounds and repetitions from their mothers that they experienced in the womb, ex. Cat in hat

Question 14

According to Piaget, from birth to 2 yrs infants are in the ___ stage of development.

Answer 14

sensorimotor.

Question 15

Define Schemes

Answer 15

actions or mental representations that organize knowledge.

Question 16

define accommodation

Answer 16

Creating new schemes and orginizations for new information, new category

Question 17

define assimilation

Answer 17

blending new information into existing orginizational categories.

Question 18

define object permanence

Answer 18

the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched

Question 19

What is the chronological order and age for child development of communicative behavior?

Answer 19

Crying: birth upward
Cooing: 2-4 months
Babbling: 6+ months
Use of Gestures: 7-15 months with an average of 11-12 months
Spoken words: 12-18+ months

Question 20

What is the difference between a “universal linguist” and a “language specific listener”

Answer 20

All infants start out as universal linguist, meaning that they can differentiate between the sounds that they hear. As they age and develop the begin focusing on the language of their parents because it is useful information.