Death, Dying, and Grieving Flashcards
Define Hospice
Hospice is a program committed to making the end of life as free from pain, anxiety, and depression as possible
Define Palliative care
reducing pain and suffering and helping individuals die with dignity
What are current trends in the US regarding hospice and palliative care?
It is a growing movement that is more and more widely supported and practiced
What is a Child’s view on death?
No idea what’s going on
guilt, take blame
What are adolescents views of death?
Deaths of peers, friends, siblings, parents, grandparents, or great-grandparents bring death to the forefront of adolescents’ lives. Adolescents develop more abstract conceptions of death than children do. For example, adolescents describe death in terms of darkness, light, transition, or nothingness (Wenestam & Wass, 1987). They also develop religious and philosophical views about the nature of death and whether there is life after death.
How do Adults view death?
slowly becomes an approaching reality
Describe Kubler-Ross’s 5 stages of dying
1: Denial and isolation is Kübler-Ross’ first stage of dying, in which the person denies that death is really going to take place
2: Anger is Kübler-Ross’ second stage of dying, in which the dying person recognizes that denial can no longer be maintained. Denial often gives way to anger, resentment, rage, and envy.
3: Bargaining is Kübler-Ross’ third stage of dying, in which the person develops the hope that death can somehow be postponed or delayed. Some persons enter into a bargaining or negotiation—often with God—as they try to delay their death.
4: Depression is Kübler-Ross’ fourth stage of dying, in which the dying person comes to accept the certainty of death. At this point, a period of depression or preparatory grief may appear.
5: Acceptance is Kübler-Ross’ fifth stage of dying, in which the person develops a sense of peace, an acceptance of his or her fate, and in many cases, a desire to be left alone. In this stage, feelings and physical pain may be virtually absent. Kübler-Ross describes this fifth stage as the end of the dying struggle, the final resting stage before death.
Describe disenfranchised grief
an individual’s grief over a deceased person that is a socially ambiguous loss that can’t be openly mourned or supported (Gill & Lowes, 2014; Spidell & others, 2011). Examples of disenfranchised grief include a relationship that isn’t socially recognized such as an ex-spouse, a hidden loss such as an abortion, and circumstances of the death that are stigmatized such as death because of AIDS
Describe prolonged or complicated grief
However, even six months after their loss, some individuals have difficulty moving on with their life, feeling numb or detached, believing their life is empty without the deceased, and feeling that the future has no meaning. This type of grief reaction has been referred to as prolonged or complicated grief
What are the two main dimensions in the dual process model of coping with bereavement?
(1) loss-oriented stressors, and (2) restoration-oriented stressors (Stroebe & Schut, 2010; Stroebe, Schut, & Boerner, 2010). Loss-oriented stressors focus on the deceased individual and can include grief work and both positive and negative reappraisals of the loss. A positive reappraisal of the loss might include acknowledging that death brought relief at the end of suffering, whereas a negative reappraisal might involve yearning for the loved one and ruminating about the death. Restoration-oriented stressors involve the secondary stressors that emerge as indirect outcomes of bereavement (Caserta & others, 2014). They can include a changing identity (such as from “wife” to “widow”) and mastering skills (such as dealing with finances). Restoration rebuilds “shattered assumptions about the world and one’s own place in it.”
