Heredity and Prenatal Development Flashcards
Define Dominant
A gene that always exerts its effects thus overriding the potential influence of the other gene
Define Recessive
A gene that exerts its influence only if the two genes of a pair are both recessive.
Define Genotype
A person’s genetic heritage; the actual genetic material. What we don’t see
Define Phenotype
the way an individual’s genotype is expressed in observed and measurable characteristics. What we do see.
Name 3 chromosomal abnormalities:
Down Syndrome Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) Fragile X syndrome Tuner Syndrome (X0) XYY Syndrome
Name 3 genetic abnormalities:
PKU Sickle-cell Diabetes Cystic fibrosis Hemophilla Huntington disease Spina bifida Tay-Sachs
What is the goal of behavioral genetics?
To discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development.
How do the findings of adoption studies and twin studies help us to understand the role of heredity and environment?
These studies can compare either the role of DNA (twin studies) and the role of environment (adoption studies) by seeing where the greater pull is and how it is effecting change
Give an example of the passive heredity-environmental correlation type.
parents might have a genetic predisposition to be intelligent and read skillfully. Because they read well and enjoy reading, they provide their children with books to read. The likely outcome is that their children, because of both their own inherited predispositions and their book-filled environment, will become skilled readers.
Give and example of evocative heredity-environment correlation type.
active, smiling children receive more social stimulation than passive, quiet children do. Cooperative, attentive children evoke more pleasant and instructional responses from the adults around them than uncooperative, distractible children do.
Give an example of active (niche-picking) heredity-environment correlation type.
outgoing children tend to seek out social contexts in which to interact with people, whereas shy children don’t. Children who are musically inclined are likely to select musical environments in which they can successfully perform their skills.
When is the Germinal Period and what are key developments during this stage?
The germinal period lasts from conception to the first two weeks. In this period cell differentiation has begun, and the zygote implants in the uterine wall.
When is the Embryonic period and what are key developments during this stage?
The embryonic period happens from weeks 2-8 after conception. Major organs begin to appear ans differentiation is intensified. Life supports develop i.e (placenta, ub chord, amnionic sack), legs and arms begin to bud.
When is the Fetal period and what are key developments during this stage?
The fetal period lasts from 8 weeks after conception to birth. The baby begins moving arms, legs, and mouth, the face is distinguishable, they have identifiable genitals, toenails and fingernails form, breathing begins, viable at 24 weeks.
What is a teratogen?
A teratogen is any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes
