Early Childhood—Physical and Cognitive Development Flashcards
What are the similarities and differences in physical changes and growth rates in infancy versus early childhood?
growth occurs at an accelerated rate in infancy and early childhood. Some differences are that the older the child gets the better their fine motor skills become.
What are the recommendations for young children with Sleep and what are potential risks to development if they don’t have proper Sleep?
Recommendation: 11 to 13 hours of sleep each night
Potential Risks to Development: attention problems, social skills, vocabulary, overweight problems
What are the recommendations for young children with Nutrition and what are potential risks to development if they don’t have proper Nutrition?
Recommendation: Young children’s eating behavior improves when caregivers eat with children on a predictable schedule, model choosing nutritious food, make mealtimes pleasant occasions, and engage in certain feeding styles. Distractions from television, family arguments, and competing activities should be minimized so that children can focus on eating
Potential Risks to Development: Obesity, chronic fatigue,
What are the recommendations for young children with Exercise and what are potential risks to development if they don’t have proper Exercise?
Recommendation: Guidelines recommend that preschool children engage in two hours of physical activity per day, consisting of one hour of structured activity and one hour of unstructured free play (National Association for Sport and Physical Education, 2002). The child’s life should center around activities, not meals
Potential Risks to Development: higher probability of obesity and being overweight
What are the recommendations for young children with Safety/Accident Prevention and what are potential risks to development if they don’t have proper Safety/Accident Prevention?
Recommendation: frequent use of PPE, presence of home safety equipment,
Potential Risks to Development: HIV/AIDS, death, cancers from smoke, etc.
Define Animism:
The belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities and are capable of action
Define Centration:
A centering of attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others
Define Conservation:
The awareness that altering an object’s or a substance’s appearance does not change its basic properties
Define Egocentrism:
The inability to distinguish between one’s own perspective and someone else’s perspective
Vygotsky proposed that speech serves not only a communicative purpose but also serves to ____.
help them solve tasks.
Scaffolding is defined as _____.
creating a structured framework to instruction where each learning objective builds on previous ones and is supported by the teacher.
The phrase “theory of mind” is defined as ____.
The developmental understanding that a child can associate the difference between something they have simply thought up in their mind and something that they actually experienced in real life.
In Piaget’s preoperational period, what are some behaviors that would demonstrate that the child is in the symbolic function substage?
Drawing a picture of an object or the like from thought without that object being present. They symbolically represent it.
What are some behaviors that would demonstrate the child is in the intuitive thought substage?
Children have a desire to know the answers to all sorts of questions. Why? Why? Why?
