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Cardiovascular System > Pressure and Flow in Arteries and Veins > Flashcards

Pressure and Flow in Arteries and Veins Flashcards

1
Q

How can you measure mean arterial pressure

A

Auscultation of Korotkoff sounds using sphygmomanometer

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2
Q

What are the disadvantage and advantages of using sphygmomanometer

A
  1. Not accurate, discontinuous and needs care

2. Cheap and non-invasive

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3
Q

Tapping sound

A

Systolic

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4
Q

Muffled sound

A

Diastolic

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5
Q

Pressure flow in arteries

A

Elastic arteries act as a pressure reservoir and absorb some of the pressure

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6
Q

Pressure wave is affected by (4)

A

SV
Velocity of ejection
Elasticity of arteries
TPR

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7
Q

What is normal arterial pressure

A

120/80 mmHg

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8
Q

What pressure increases with age

A

Arterial

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9
Q

Reduction in elasticity does what to the systole and diastole pressure

A

Increases systole and decreases diastole

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10
Q

What is systemic filling pressure

A

Blood from the venules and veins filling the right atrium (deoxygenated)

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11
Q

Arteries and Arteriole pressure chnage

A

Small drop 95 to 90 mmHg

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12
Q

Arteriole and Capillaries pressure change

A

Large drop 90 to 40 mmHg

RESISTANCE VESSELS

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13
Q

Capillaries to veins

A

Small pressure change 40 to 20mmHg

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14
Q

Pulmonary circulation pressure is ___ of systemic

A

1/5th

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15
Q

What external influences affect flow in veins (5)

A 
Gravity
Skeletal muscle pump
Respiratory pump
Venomotor tone
Systemic filling pressure
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16
Q

How does gravity affect the blood flow in veins

A 
Standing upright adds more pressure
Reduces EDV
Reduces preload
Reduces SV- reduces CO
Reduces MAP
17
Q

What is Orthostatic hypotension

A

When a person’s blood pressure falls when suddenly standing upright

18
Q

What can the height of jugular collapse be used to estimate

A

CVP (measurement of pressure inside the vena cava)

19
Q

What is jugular vein distention

A

Increased CVP

20
Q

How does skeletal muscle pump effect the blood flow in the vein

A

Rhythmic skeletal muscle contractions force blood in the extremities toward the heart

21
Q

What causes varicose veins

A

Valves of veins fall and allow backflow of blood

22
Q

How does the respiratory pump affect blood flow in veins

A

When you inhale this creates negative pressure as the diaphragm lowers
Blood is directed to the heart:
Increases EDV, preload and SV

23
Q

How does the venomotor tone effect the blood flow in veins

A

Increased contractile activity results in rise in tension referred ad venomotor tone

24
Q

The smooth muscle in the wall of the veins contains what receptor

A

alpha adrenergic (sympathetic)

25
Q

How does the systemic filling pressure affect the blood flow through the vein

A

Pressure created by ventricles and transmitted through vascular tree to veins

26
Q

What is the anti-clotting mechanism of the endothelium (2)

A
  1. Formation of platelet plug

2. Formation of fibrin clot

27
Q

What converts fibrinogen to fibrin

A

Thrombin

28
Q

What is the purpose of the endothelium

A

Stops blood contacting collagen

29
Q

What does the endothelium produce and what are the functions (2)

A 
Prostacyclin and NO- inhibit platelet aggregation
Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor 
thrombomodulin
 Heparin
plasminogen activator (t-PA)
30
Q

What is the function of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor

A

Stops thrombin production

31
Q

Function of thrombomodulin

A

Binds to thrombin and inactivates it

32
Q

Purpose of Heparin

A

Inactivates thrombin

33
Q

Purpose of plasminogen activator (t-PA)

A

Digests plasminogen to plasmin and digests clot

Cardiovascular System (42 decks)

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