Long Term Control of Blood Pressure Flashcards
What are the functions of the kidney (5)
Excretion of waste products Maintenance of ion balance Regulation of pH Regulation of osmolarity Regulation of plasma volume
What can plasma volume be used to control
Mean arterial pressure
What is the function of the renal counter-current system
Creates a very high osmolarity outside the collecting ducts
Control over sodium transport determines
How big the osmotic gradient is
Control over the permeability of the collecting duct to water determines
if water follows that osmotic gradient or not
Very permeable collecting duct
Lots of water reabsorption and little urine
Conserve plasma volume
Very impermeable to water
Little reabsorption
Lots of urine
Reduction in plasma volume
Where is the hormones renin-angiotensin-aldesterone produced
Juxtaglomerular (granule cells) of the kidney
What triggers the production of the hormones from the juxtoglomerular of the kidney (3)
Sympathetic nerves
Decreased distention of afferent arterioles (renal baroreflex)
Decreased delivery of Na+/Cl-
Action of Renin
Converts inactive angiotensin to angiotensin I
Action of ACE
Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Action of Angiotensin II (4)
Stimulates release of aldosterone
Increase in Na+, reduces diuresus and increases plasma volume
Release of ADH from pituitary
Vasoconstrictor and increases TPR
Where is vasopressin (ADH) produced and released from
Produced in the hypothalamus and released from posterior pituitary
What triggers ADH release (4)
Low MAP
Decrease in blood volume
An increase of osmolarity of interstitial fluid
Circulating angiotensin II
What is the action of ADH (2)
Increases permeability of collecting ducts to water and reduces diuresis and increases plasma volume
Vasoconstriction- increases MAP
