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Cardiovascular System > Anatomy of CVS 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy of CVS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hearts function

A

Pump

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2
Q

Arteries function

A

distribute blood from heart

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3
Q

Capillaries function

A

exchange nutrients

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4
Q

Veins function

A

Collect and return blood to heart

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5
Q

What are the 2 main circulations in the CVS

A

Pulmonary

Systemic

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6
Q

Where does the heart lie

A

between T5 and T8 in recombent position

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7
Q

Where is the apex located

A

Left ventricle in the 5th intercostal space in the midclavicular line

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8
Q

Where is the base located

A

Left atrium and lies wholly posterior and in front of the oesophagus

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9
Q

How does the heart position differ in children

A

It lies higher and more horizontal

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10
Q

What is situs inversus

A

congenital condition in which the major visceral organs are reversed or mirrored from their normal positions

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11
Q

What can Situs inversus cause

A

dextrocardia: your heart points toward the right side of your chest instead of the left side

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12
Q

What lies anterior to the heart (3)

A

Sternum and costal cartilage 4-7
Anterior edges are lung and pleurae
Thymic remnants

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13
Q

What lies posterior to the heart (3)

A

Oesophagus
Descending aorta
Thoracic vertebrae 5-8

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14
Q

What lies lateral to the heart (2)

A

Lungs

Phrenic nerve

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15
Q

What lies inferior to the heart

A

Central tendon of diaphragm

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16
Q

What are the structures of the heart (8)

A
  1. Layers of heart wall
  2. Chambers
  3. Heart valves
  4. Cardiac skeleton
  5. Coronary arteries
  6. Cardiac veins
  7. Pericardium
  8. Innervation
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17
Q

What are the layers of the heart wall

A
  • Endocardium (innermost): epithelium, BM and connective tissue
  • Myocardium (middle): cardiac muscle
  • Epicardium (outermost): Connective tissue, BM and epithelium
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18
Q

What is the epicardium also known as

A

Visceral pericardium

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19
Q

What do the endocardium form

A

Valves

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20
Q

What cells line the endocardium

A

simple squamous epithelium sitting on basement membrane (connective tissue)

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21
Q

What does the endocardium line

A

The heart chamber

22
Q

What is the myocardium

A

Thick middle layer of heart wall

23
Q

What cells are in the myocardium

A

Myocytes

24
Q

What cell features does the myocardium have

A

Lots of mitochondria

Single central nucleus

25
Q

What is the vasculature of the myocardium

A

Rich capillary bed

26
Q

What are myocytes connected by

A

Intercalated discs

27
Q

What is the epicardium

A

Outer layer of heart wall

28
Q

What cells is the epicardium made out of

A

Simple squamous epithelium, BM and connective tissue

29
Q

What is the epithelium of the epicardium

A

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

30
Q

Can the epicardium be fatty (Y/N)

A

Yes

31
Q

What are the 4 heart chambers

A
  • Right atrium
  • Right ventricle
  • Left atrium
  • Left ventricle
32
Q

What are the functions of the heart valve

A

Control direction of blood flow

33
Q

What are the cusps in heart valves derived from

A

Endocardium

34
Q

How do the heart valves work

A

Passively

The chordae tendinae and papillary muscles prevent valve failure

35
Q

Widening of valves

A

Incompetence

36
Q

Narrowing of valves

A

stenosis

37
Q

Infection of valves

A

Bacterial endocarditis

38
Q

What is the mitral valve also known as

A

Bicupsid valve

39
Q

What are the bicupsid and tricupsid valves known as

A

The atrioventricular valves

40
Q

What are the aortic and pulmonary valves known as

A

Semi-lunar valves and have 3 cusps

41
Q

What is the fibrous cardiac skeleton

A

Composed of dense connective tissue

Lies in the plane between the atria and ventricles

42
Q

What does the plane of the fibrous cardiac skeleton correspond to

A

Atrioventricular groove

43
Q

Fibrous cardiac skeleton provides structural support for (4)

A

 AV septum
 Roots of great vessels
 Anchorage for valves
 Myocytes/capillary network

44
Q

Fibrous cardiac skeleton provides electrical insulation for (2)

A

 Atria from ventricles

 Myocardium from great vessels

45
Q

At systole the what happens to the openings in aortic sinuses

A

They are sheielded by aortic valve cusps

46
Q

At diastole what does the elastic recoil do

A

Closes aortic valve an allows blood to enter the arteries

47
Q

Where are the coronary arteries located

A

Pericardium

48
Q

At diastole what happens in the coronary arteries

A

The myocardium relaxes

Blood can flow into the capillaries

49
Q

What holds in the heart in place

A

Great vessels within fibrous pericardium
Central tendon
Sternum
Serous pericardium

50
Q

What is the serous pericardium

A

Epithelium that secretes pericardial lubricant and allows freedom of movement during cardiac cycle

Cardiovascular System (42 decks)

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