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cardiovascular system > Anatomy of CVS 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy of CVS 2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 tunics of blood vessels

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa/adventitia

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2
Q

Structure of heart wall

A

Endocardium
Myocardiium
Epicardium

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3
Q

Do arteries or veins have smaller diameters

A

Arteries do, because of the thicker T. media

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4
Q

Arteries have a ___ T. media and ____ T adventia

A

Thick and thin

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5
Q

Veins have a ____ T. media and a ____ T. adventia

A

Thin and thick

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6
Q

Types of arteries

A

Elastic
Muscular
Arterioles

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7
Q

Where are elastic arteries found

A

Aorta, common carotid and pulmonary

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8
Q

What happens to the aorta during systole

A

it is stretched

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9
Q

What happens to the aorta during diatsole

A

The heart relaxes and the artery recoils and maintains the pressure on the blood

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10
Q

Why is the aorta able to recoil and stretch

A

Presence of extensive amounts of elastic fibres i T. media in the form of layers

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11
Q

What secretes the elastic fibres

A

smooth muscle cells

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12
Q

Where are muscular arteries found

A

Coronary arteries, radial and femoral

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13
Q

What is the function of muscular arteries

A

Controls distribution of blood to regions

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14
Q

Is there an elastic fibres between muscle cells in T. media

A

No

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15
Q

Where are elastic fibres found in muscular arteries

A

Concentrated in 2 well defined sheets called internal and external elastic laminae

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16
Q

Internal elastic laminae

A

Under epithelium

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17
Q

External elastic laminae

A

between T. media and T. adventitia

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18
Q

Do arterioles have any IEL

A

No

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19
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle is in the T. media of arterioles

A

1-2

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20
Q

Do arterioles have T.adventia

A

No

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21
Q

What is the innervation for arterioles

A

Sympathetic nerve innervation

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22
Q

What is the function of arterioles

A

To control blood pressure

23
Q

Function of capillaries

A

Main exchange for nutrients and gases

24
Q

Are capillary walls thin or thick

A

Thin

25
Q

What tunics does the capillaries contain

A

Just T. intima

No T.adventitia or T. media

26
Q

What are pericytes

A

Incomplete layer of cells surrounding basement membrane which have contractile properties

27
Q

What is the function pf pericytes

A

They help control blood flow

28
Q

What is the average diameter of capillaries

A

4.15 microm

29
Q

Is the sum of diameters of all capillaries greater than the diameter of the aorta and what does this mean

A

Yes

Blood pressure is low

30
Q

Types of capillaries

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Discontinuous

31
Q

Where are continuous capillaries found

A

Muscle, nerve and fat tissue

32
Q

Features of continuous capillaries

A

Selective transport mechanism

Can control what is exchanged

33
Q

Where fenestrated capillaries found

A

Small intestine
Endocrine glands
Kidneys

34
Q

Features of fenestrated capillaries

A

SAllow larger molecules through and are more permeable

35
Q

Where are discontinuous capillaries found

A

Liver, spleen and bone marrow

36
Q

Features of discontinuous

A

Gaps between endothelial cells and basement membrane

Allow free passage of fluid and cells

37
Q

What are sinusoids

A

A type of discontinuous capillaries found where large amount of exchange takes place

38
Q

Where are sinusoids found

A

Liver and endocrine glands

39
Q

What do the T.intima in the sinusoids contain

A

Phagocytic cells

40
Q

What is the purpose of capillary beds and Arteriovenous shunts

A

Bypasses capillary beds in skin for thermoregulation

41
Q

Capillary bed to vein

A

Small venule

Small-medium sized vein

42
Q

T. intima
T. media
T.adventitia in vein

A

Thin
Thin
Thick

43
Q

What does veins contain to prevent back flow

A

Valves

44
Q

What are the valves made out of in the vein

A

folds of T.intima

45
Q

Superficial vein

A

Thick walled

No surrounding support

46
Q

Deep vein

A

Thin walled

surrounded by deep fascia and muscles

47
Q

Function of lymphatic system

A

Drains tissue fluid lost from blood capillaries

48
Q

Features of lymph capillaries

A

Blind ending
Lined by very thin endothelium
No fenestrations

49
Q

How is the lumen maintained

A

Negative hydrostatic pressure

50
Q

Blood supply to the blood vessels

A

Vasa Vasorum

51
Q

Where are the lymphatics in the blood vessels located

A

T. adventitia

52
Q

Nerve supply of blood vessels in skin

A

Sympathetic

53
Q

Nerve supply of blood vessels in heart

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

cardiovascular system (42 decks)

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