Imaging Circulatory Disturbances Flashcards
What is trying to be investigated with Vascular Imaging (3)
- Is there a leak
- Is there a blockage (occlusion or stenosis)
- Can it be fixed
Anatomical Imaging (4)
- Plain films
- Contrast angiography
- Ultrasound
- CT/MRI
Functional Imaging (3)
- Radionuclide
- MRI functional imaging
- Ultrasound
Problems with vascular imaging (4)
- Soft tissue contrast
- Functional significance of lesions
- Is treatment effective
- Natural contrast does not allow the visualisation of important structures such as blood vessels and lumen of hollow viscera
Ideal Properties of man-made contrast agents (6)
- Has an attenuation the same as the surrounding tissues
- Inexpensive
- Inert
- Equal distribution in and out of selected body compartment
- Painless
- Easy to use
Iodinated contrast (6)
- Differential X-Ray attenuation
- Inert
- Stable in selected body compartments
- Painless
- Easy to use
- Cheap
Problems with iodinated Contrast (6)
Major reactions Renal dysfunction Disturbance of thyroid metabolism Disturbance of clotting Seizures Pulmonary Oedema
Parenteral Iodinated Contrast (4)
• Metallic taste • Feeling of warmth • Arterial injections -Micturition -Discomfort • Rarely nausea
Parenteral Iodinated Contrast Practical Aspects to
Discuss (4)
- Previous contrast allergy
- Asthma/atopy
- Poor renal function
- Metformin: can cause lactic acidosis if administered together
Catheter Angiography (4)
- Vessel punctured and catheterised
- Sterile procedure
- Contrast injected using pump injector
- Rapid series of images acquired
Interventional Radiology (6)
- Angiography/Angioplasty
- Embolization-blocking abnormal vessels
- Catheter thrombolysis
- Drainage of abscesses
- Nephrostomy
- Vertebroplasty
When would you use an angioplasty (2)
Short stenosis or occlusion
Sessile/concentric plaques
What contrast agent can be used for patients intolerant to iodine or renal impairment (2)
Carbon Dioxide
Negative contrast agents
Problems with angioplasty (5)
- Occlusion
- Dissection
- Embolization
- Rupture
- Infection
Ultrasound can be used to confirm
DVT
in DVT describe the vein
Distended and non-compressible
Normal vein is__
Low pressure and is compressible
What is Radionuclide imaging used for (6)
- Perfusion
- Blood loss
- Sequential imagine
- Perfusion of transplant kidneys
- Blood loss into GI tract
- Cerebrovascular perfusion (Dementia)
Computed Tomography Angiogram use
Gives information about other structures
How is Computed Tomography Angiogram administered (5)
IV Radiation dose High contrast dose Expensive Sensitive
Magnetic Resonance Angiography (7)
- Sensitive
- Specific
- No radiation
- No nephrotoxic
- Very expensive
- Needs state of the art machinery
- High contrast cost
