Preschooler G&D Flashcards
What is the average growth of a preschooler per year?
2.5-3 inches
What is the average weight gain per year?
4-5 lbs
How many deciduous teeth should be present?
20
They should generally have adequate bowel control by what age?
4
What is the typical number of bowel movements per day?
1-2
Why are children more susceptible to UTI’s
urethra remains short
Cognitive Development Topics of Preschooler
- Magical thinking
- Imaginary friend
- Transduction
- Animism
- Death
Magical Thinking
believes thoughts are all-powerful
Imaginary Friend
creative way to sample activities and behaviors and practice conversation skills
Transduction
extrapolates from one situation to another
Animism
attributes life like qualities to inanimate objects
Death
often ask when their grandparents or pets who died are returning
3 yr Old Gross Motor Skills
- climbs well
- pedals tricycle
- runs easily
- walks up and down stairs
- bends over w/o falling
3 yr Fine Motor Skill
- undress self
- copies circle
- builds towers
- holds pencil in writing position
- screws/unscrews lids
- turns book pages one at a time
4 yr Gross Motor Skills
- throws ball overhand
- kicks ball forward
- catches bounced ball
- stands/hops on one foot up to 5 secs
- alternates feet on stairs
- moves back/forth w/ agility
4 yr Fine Motor Skill
- uses scissors successfully
- copies capital letters
- draws circles and squares
- traces cross and diamond
- draw person
- lace shoes
5 yr Gross Motor Skill
- stands on one foot 10 secs or more
- swings and climbs well
- may skip
- somersaults
- may learn to skate or swim
5 yr Fine Motor Skill
- print some letters
- draw person w/ body
- dresses and undresses
- ties laces
- uses spoon, fork, and knife
- copies shapes
- mostly cares for own toileting
Stuttering usually resolves by what age?
8
Children transition from telegraphic speech at age 3 to adult like structures at what age?
5
Social Skills Developed
- cooperation
- sharing
- kindness
- affection display
- conversation
- expressing feelings
- helping others/making friends
Emotional/Social Development
- learn to make friends
- temperament
- fear
Temperament
-indication of parents expectation
-determines task oriented, social flexibility,
and reactivity
Building Self Esteem
sense of guilt contributes to low self esteem and rewards lead to increased confidence
Preschoolers should have no more than how many hours of screen time?
2
How can you promote language development?
ask open ended questions to encourage child to think
Children should be in a 4 point car seat until what age?
4
How long should a child be in a booster seat?
until 4 ft 9 in about 8-12 years old
The child should not ride in the front seat until what age?
12
Preschoolers should be getting how many hours of sleep?
11-12 hours
Promoting Appropriate Discipline
- spanking is least effective
- never use belt, switch, paddle, ect
- be clear and consistent
- praise works and time outs
Preschoolers need how much calcium?
500-800 mg
How much iron do they need?
10 mg
How much fiber do they need?
19 mg
Risk of Overweight and Obesity
- hypertension
- hyperlipidemia
- insulin resistance
Developmental Issues for Preschoolers
Lying
Sex education
