Disorders of the Eyes/Ears Flashcards
Variations of Child’s Eye
- visual acuity develops through childhood
- eyeball occupies larger space; more prone to injury
- color discrimination is incomplete
- retinal vascularization incomplete
Variations of Ear
- hearing is intact at birth
- recurrent disorders may affect hearing
- placement of eustachian tubes and enlarged adenoids make ears prone to infection
Common Lab/Diagnostic Tests
- culture of eye/ear discharge
- tympanic fluid culture
- tympanometry
Tympanometry
determines the effusion of the middle ear
Physical Exam of the Eye
- extraocular movement
- pupillary light response and accommodation
- symmetry of corneal light reflex
- presence of red reflex
- age appropriate visual acuity
Common medical treatment for eyes and ears is?
- warm compress
- corrective lenses
- patching
- eye muscle surgery
- pressure-equalizing tubes
- hearing aids
- cochlear implants
Prescription eye glasses may be used for what?
- hyperopia
- myopia
- astigmatism
What can be done to help manage amblyopia?
Strengthening the weaker eye with eye patch or atropine drops in the better eye
What can be done for Strabismus?
- vision therapy
- eye muscle surgery
Types of Infectious Diseases of the Eye
- conjunctivitis
- nasolacrimal duct obstruction
- eyelid lesion
- periorbital cellulitis
Conjunctivitis
“Pink Eye”
- inflammation of the conjunctiva
- bacterial or viral
- allergic or chemical
Risk Factors for Retinopathy
- low birth weight
- early gestational age
- sepsis
- high light intensity
- hypothermia
What is the most common causes of conjunctivitis in the newborn?
Chlamydia or Gonorrhea
Factors Increasing the Risk for Visual Impairment
- prematurity
- developmental delay
- genetic syndrome
- family hx
- African American
- previous injury
- Diabetes, HIV
- Chronic corticosteroid use
S/S of Conjunctivitis
- redness
- edema
- tearing
- discharge
- eye pain
- itching of the eyes
The child can not return to school until when?
They have been on an antibiotic for 24 hours
What two virus are the common causes of viral conjunctivitis?
Adenovirus and influenza
What is the most common cause of bacterial conjunctivitis?
Staphylococcus aureus
What should the nurse teach the parents to do for a child with conjunctivitis?
- encourage not to touch or rub eyes
- rinse eyelids periodically w/ clean washcloth or cool water
- when child comes in from outside wash face and hands
- ensure child showers and shampoos before bed
Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
stenosis or simple obstruction of the nasolacrimal du0ct
- common disorder for newborn
- should resolve by 12 months
Periorbital Cellulitis
bacterial infection of the eyelids and tissue surrounding the eye
-via abrasion, laceration, insect bite, foreign body, or lesion
S/S of Periorbital Cellulitis
- hx of fever
- pain around eye/restricted movement
- eyelid edema
- purplish/red color of eyelid
Nursing Management of Periorbital Cellulitis
- warm soaks to eye for 20 mins q 2-4 hours
- antibiotics
- teach when to call physician
What is the most common cause of visual difficulties in children?
Refractive errors