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Microbiology And Immunology > Preparations > Flashcards

Preparations Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain the unstained (wet) preparations

A
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2
Q

Why is stained preparations used

A
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3
Q

What needs to be done before staining

A
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4
Q

Explain the simple stains

A
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5
Q

Explain the negative staining

A
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6
Q

When is the negative staining useful

A

Useful in the demonstration of bacterial capsules

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7
Q

Explain the impregnation method

A
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8
Q

Define differential stains

A

They impart different colors to different bacteria or bacterial structures

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9
Q

What are the two most commonly employed differential stains ?

A

Gram stain
Acid-fast stain

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10
Q

What is the most widely used stain

A

Grams stain

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11
Q

Who discovered grams stain

A

Christian gram

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12
Q

What are the two broad groups of gram stain

A

Gram positive
Gram negative

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13
Q

What is the difference between gram positive and gram negative

A
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14
Q

What is the difference between the cytoplasm of the gram positive and gram negative

A

The gram positive cells have a more acidic cytoplasm which accounts for retaining the basic dye more strongly than the gram negative bacteria

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15
Q

What effect does the iodine have on the cytoplasm

A

It makes it more acidic and serve as a mordant

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16
Q

What is meant by mordant

A

Iodine combines with dye to form a dye-iodine complex and fixes the dye in bacteria cell

17
Q

Because of what does the dye-iodine complex gets trapped within cell?

A

The gram positive cell wall or cytoplasmic membrane being less permeable

18
Q

The gram negative cell wall has increased permeability to what ?

A

To acetone or alcohol, permitting the outflow of complex during decolorization

19
Q

How can gram positive cells may be decolorized

A

By prolonged treatment with acetone or alcohol.

20
Q

Inadequate decolorization causes what

A

Cells to appear gram positive

21
Q

The integrity of the cell wall is essential for what

A
22
Q

What is the structural difference between gram positive and gram negative

A
23
Q

The acid-fast stain was discovered by who

A
24
Q

Acid-fast stain is usually used to stain which microbe

A
25
Q

In blue background of pus cells and epithelial cells acid fast backlight appear what color

A

Red

26
Q

What is the principle of the acid-fast stain ?

A

Microbiology And Immunology (21 decks)

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