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Microbiology And Immunology > Bacterial Anatomy > Flashcards

Bacterial Anatomy Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The outer layer or envelope of a bacterial cell consists of what

A

Rigid cell wall
Cytoplasmic or plasma membrane

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2
Q

The envelope encloses the protoplasm which comprises of what?

A

Cytoplasm
Cytoplasmic inclusions
DNA

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3
Q

What is cell wall

A
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4
Q

What are the functions of the cell wall

A
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5
Q

The rigid part of the cell wall is what ?

A

Peptidoglycan

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6
Q

What is peptidoglycan

A

Mucopeptide composed of N-acetyl glucosamine molecules alternating with N-actyl muramic acid in chains, cross linked by peptide subunits

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7
Q

Which gram bacteria has a simpler chemical nature cell wall

A

Gram positive

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8
Q

Describe the gram negative cell wall

A
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9
Q

Describe the gram positive cell wall

A
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10
Q

What is the difference between cell wall of gram positive and gram negative bacteria

A
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11
Q

Define cytoplasmic membrane

A
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12
Q

What does the cytoplasmic membrane chemically consist of ?

A

Lipids and protein molecules

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13
Q

What is absent in cytoplasmic membrane ?

A

Sterols

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14
Q

Where are sterols present

A

In mycoplasma

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15
Q

Cytoplasmic membrane acts as what

A

An osmotic barrier

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16
Q

Cytoplasmic membrane is the site of numerous what ?

A
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17
Q

What is cytoplasm

A
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18
Q

What are ribosomes

A
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19
Q

What are intracytoplasmic inclusions

A

Sources of stored energy and present in some species of bacteria

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20
Q

Intracytoplasmic inclusions may be present as what

A
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21
Q

Intracytoplasmic inclusions are most frequent in which bacteria

A

Bacteria grown under conditions of nutritional deficiency

22
Q

What are mesosomes

A
23
Q

Describe the nucleus of bacteria

A
24
Q

What is another name for extra nuclear genetic material

A

Plasmids or episomes

25
Q

How does the plasmid replicate

A

Autonomously

26
Q

What are plasmids needed for

A
27
Q

How are these plasmids transmitted or transferred

A
28
Q

Define slime layer

A
29
Q

Define capsule

A
30
Q

Define microcapsules

A

Capsule which are very thin and cannot be demonstrated under the light microscope

31
Q

Can a bacteria have both a capsule and slime layer ?

A

Yes

32
Q

What is the result of the bacteria Klebsiella secreting large amount of slime

A

Produces mucoid growth on agar

33
Q

What is the function of the capsule

A
34
Q

Give example of capsulated organism

A
35
Q

What are flagella

A
36
Q

Flagella is made of what

A

Protein

37
Q

What is produced in response to antigenic stimulation of flagella

A

High amount of Specific flagella antibodies

38
Q

What are the types of flagella

A
39
Q

What are fimbriae(pili)

A

These are hair like appendages projecting from the cell surface as straight filaments
They are antigenic, composed of a protein called pilin

40
Q

Each bacteria possesses how many fimbriae

A

100-500 all around

41
Q

Are fimbriae related to motility

A
42
Q

What is the function of fimbriae

A
43
Q

What are bacterial spore

A
44
Q

What are endospores

A

Bacterial spores formed within parent cell

45
Q

What are bacterial spores resistant to

A

Extremely resistant to ordinary boiling, disinfectants and heating

46
Q

How are spores of medically important bacteria killed

A

By autoclaving at 121 degrees centigrade for 15 minutes

47
Q

What is germination

A
48
Q

What are the two types of spore forming bacteria

A

Obligate aerobes
Obligate anaerobes

49
Q

Give example of obligate aerobes

A

Bacillus anthracis - biological weapon, causes paralysis

50
Q

Give example of obligate anaerobes

A

Clostridia tetani

Microbiology And Immunology (10 decks)

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