Prenatal development and risks to Infants Flashcards
smoking during pregnancy would cause : 5
low birth weight preterm births breathing difficulties fetal death crib death
4 examples of problem pregnancies:
Ectopic pregnancy
Toxemia
Rh Incompatibility
Spontaneous abortion
APGAR scale:
Appearance Pulse Grimace (reflex response) Activity (muscle tone) Respiration
Brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale (28 bahavioral and 18 reflex items) assess more extensively the functioning of the “? system and “? responses of a new born after 24-36 hrs.
central nervous system
behavioral responses
Low birth weight is defined as:
5lbs 8oz
very low birth weight is:
3Lbs 5oz
What % of newborns are low and very low birth weight?
- 2% low
1. 5% very low
“Growth as a Continuous, Orderly Process”
Growth always follows a pattern from “?” to “?”
and progresses from being more “?” to being more “?”
simpler/basic to complex
general to specific
Development from the head to the tows:
Cephalocaudal development
Development from body trunk to extremities
Proximodistal development
8 months old:
what can they do “motor skills” (4)
sit
crawl
stand by pulling up
grab/pick objects
8 months old:
what can they do Play
bang two toys together
Imitate arm movements (splashing, shaking rattle)
8 months old:
what can they do Social 3
play pat-a-cake, peekaboo, wave byebye
8 months old:
what can they do Adaptive
eat finger food
8 months old:
what can they do Language
mama & dada
1 year old:
what can they do Play
drop/pick up
put things in/out containers
balls
1 year old:
what can they do Social
Like attention/having an audience
1 year old:
what can they do Language
a few words
understand simple commands
1 year old:
what can they do Adaptive
drink from cup
needs careful supervision
18 months old:
what can they do Motor
Walk, beginning to run
18 months old:
what can they do Play
scribble
build blocks
18 months old:
what can they do Adaptive
feed themselves better with a spoon
cooperate with dressing
18 months old:
what can they do Social how do they play?
solitary, parallel play
18 months old:
what can they do Language
3 to 50 words
2 years old:
what can they do Motor
balance on one foot
use stairs
2 years old:
what can they do Play
interested in exploring world
imitating adjults’ daily activfities
2 years old:
what can they do Adaptive
follow directions
assist in dressing
wash hands
a glass with one hand
2 years old:
what can they do Social
attempt to gain approval
say NO
2 years old:
what can they do Language
2-3 words together
3 years old:
what can they do Motor
swinging
climbing
sliding
3 years old:
what can they do Play
imagination
scissors
controlled drawing
3 years old:
what can they do Adaptive
dress
practice buttons
fork
3 years old:
what can they do Social
eager to please adults
can be reasoned
take turn
3 years old:
what can they do Language
Plurals
use I / prepositions
express feelings/ideas
4 years old:
what can they do Motor
good balance
carry liquid w/o spilling
4 years old:
what can they do Play
creative and imaginative
cooperative play
4 years old:
what can they do Adaptive
master buttons and zippers
4 years old:
what can they do Social
less responsive to adult’s pleasure/displeasure
ask what/why/how
4 years old:
what can they do Language
brag about themselves
mix facts with make-believe
5 years old:
what can they do Play
team/competitive playing begins
5 years old:
what can they do Adaptive
can visit the neighborhood by themselves
5 years old:
what can they do Social
respond better to adult supervisions
follow rules
family outings
5 years old:
what can they do Language
like to know the meaning of words
not well developed fine motor for letters/numbers
6-8 years old:
what can they do Motor
Physically independent
6-8 years old:
what can they do Play
kickball
gymnastics
play with dolls
Acting
6-8 years old:
what can they do Adaptive
can begin to be trusted with an allowance
independently visit friends
6-8 years old:
what can they do Social
more sensitive to reactions of parents
Lives focus around the school and friends
6-8 years old:
what can they do Language
put feelings and thoughts into words more clearly
9-11 years old:
what can they do Play
Finale of the games and play of childhood
same-gender groups
9-11 years old:
what can they do Adaptive
start to formulate own self-identity
9-11 years old:
what can they do Social
focus shifts from family to peer
increase social competence
9-11 years old:
what can they do Language
understand more abstract concepts
examine math relationships
