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HISTOLOGY - 1st Year 1st Sem Comprehensive Exam > Prelim Exam - (Previous batch) > Flashcards

Prelim Exam - (Previous batch) Flashcards

1
Q

Cell transport used by antibodies to pass via the placenta from mother to child?

A

Transcytosis

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2
Q

Newly endocytosed particles become

A

Early endosomes

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3
Q

Which of the following cartilage is avascular?

A

Hyaline cartilage, Fibrocartilage, Elastic cartilage

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4
Q

Makes tissues distinguishable?

A

Staining

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5
Q

Removes water/ascending concentration of alcohol?

A

Dehydration

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6
Q

Chemicals used for protein cross linking?

A

Fixative

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7
Q

Seperates connective tissue from epithelium?

A

Basal lamina/basement membrane

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8
Q

Use microtome is in what process of tissue preparation?

A

Sectioning

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9
Q

Intervertebral disc is what type of cartilage?

A

Fibrocartilage

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10
Q

What stain is used in DNA?

A

Feulgen stain

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11
Q

Trachea lining epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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12
Q

Beta oxidation occurs in?

A

Peroxisomes (if LCFA; oxidation of other FA occurs in Mitochondria)

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13
Q

Binds both Lamin A and Lamin B?

A

Emerin

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14
Q

Not acidic dye?

A

Pyronin G (together with toluidine blue, methyl green, methylene blue)

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15
Q

What type of cartilage is the Eustachian tube?

A

Elastic cartilage (E=E)

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16
Q

Most widely used to view histological slide?

A

Brightfield microscope

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17
Q

Greatest resolving power?

A

AFM (Atomic force microscope > TEM > SEM > Light microscope)

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18
Q

Restriction checkpoint occurs in?

A

G1

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19
Q

Interacts with inner nuclear membrane?

A

Nuclear lamina

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20
Q

Results in 4 haploid daughter cells?

A

Meiosis

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21
Q

Protects chromosomes during cell division?

A

Telomeres

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22
Q

G2 number of chromosomes?

A

46 (92 if number of CHROMATIDS ang question)

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23
Q

Stays in Go

A

Nerve cells (also skeletal. Cardiac and smooth rarely divides)

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24
Q

Crossing over occurs in what phase of prophase 1?

A

Pachytene (while chiasmata occur in diplotene)

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25
Q

Homologous chromosomes pair up

A

Meiosis (pair-up then cross-over of genetic material)

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26
Q

No crossing over

A

Mitosis

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27
Q

Somatic cell division?

A

Mitosis (while meiosis is in sex cell division)

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28
Q

Division that produces 4 daughter cells?

A

Meosis

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29
Q

Cell swelling and lysis?

A

Necrosis

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30
Q

Plasma membrane blebbing?

A

Apoptosis

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31
Q

Physiological death?

A

Apoptosis

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32
Q

Random DNA fragmentation?

A

Necrosis (DNA Fragmentation by endonuclease is in Apoptosis)

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33
Q

Transport substance that converts ADP to ATP?

A

Pumps (example, Na-K ATPase)

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34
Q

Serves as receptor, pump, channel and linker proteins?

A

Integral protein

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35
Q

Transports substances from higher to lower concentration with the aid of channel but no energy consumption?

A

Facilitated diffusion

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36
Q

Fate of substances processed by endocytosis, except?

A

Ligand is recycled and receptor is degraded/breakdown (because it is the receptor that is recycled afterwards)

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37
Q

Component of the lysosomal membrane that restricts its digestion by enzymes

A

Lysobisphosphatidic acid

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38
Q

Acetyl CoA and ETC are found in?

A

Mitochondrial matrix and inner membrane

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39
Q

Type of cartilage that is highly vascularized?

a. Hyaline cartilage
b. Elastic cartilage
c. Fibrocartilage
d. None of the above

A

d. none of the above

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40
Q

Eustachian cartilage?

a. Hyaline cartilage
b. Elastic cartilage
c. Fibrocartilage

A

b. Elastic cartilage (E=E)

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41
Q

Cartilage type with Lacunae?

a. Hyaline cartilage
b. Elastic cartilage
c. Fibrocartilage
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

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42
Q

Unicellular exocrine cell?

a. Goblet cell
b. Sertoli cell
c. Basket cell

A

a. Goblet cell (the others are ENDOCRINE)

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43
Q

Apical region of epithelial cells usually have?

A

Micovilli (may also have cilia, stereocilia)

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44
Q

Fate of internalized ligand complexed, except:

a. Receptor is recycled and ligand degraded
b. Receptor is degraded and ligand is recycled
c. Both are recycled
d. Both are degraded

A

b. Receptor is degraded and ligand is recycled

45
Q

Lysosomes eats mitochondria?

A

Macroautophagy

46
Q

True about transitional epithelium

A

Appears round on apical surface

  • The lining of the bladder is transitional epithelium. Epithelium lines
    body cavities and surfaces. There are domed shaped cells on the apical
    surface.
47
Q

Stain used for Glycogen?

A

PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff)

48
Q

Carbohydrate stain?

A

PAS

49
Q

Use of paraffin?

A

Embedding

50
Q

Preparation in light and electron microscope?

A

Similar methods except that it requires finer methods.

51
Q

Light microscope is useful for?

A

Useful for living cells

52
Q

Active transport thru use of?

A

Pumps

53
Q

Diffusion of ions with the use of proteins?

A

Facilitated diffusion

54
Q

Binds both Lamin A and Lamin B?

A

Emerin

55
Q

Membranous organelles, Except?

A

Microtubule

56
Q

Major part of cell membrane, has tails and heads?

A

Phospholipid

57
Q

Present in lipid rafts, affects fluidity?

A

Cholesterol

58
Q

Can function as transport, pumps, carriers, receptors, etc?

A

Integral proteins

59
Q

Area of higher to lower concentrations with use of carrier?

A

Facilitated diffusion

60
Q

Mediates liberation of vesicle from plasma membrane?

A

Dynamin

61
Q

Sort out and recycle proteins internalized from endocytic pathways?

A

Endosomes

62
Q

All are true of the fate of substances processed by endosomes, except:

A

ligand is recycled, receptor is degraded

63
Q

Prohydrolase enzymes are bound by ___ which cause them to be

Internalized by late endosomes

A

Mannose 6 Phosphate (M6P)

64
Q

Lysosomal membrane contains ____ which protects it from enzyme degradation

A

Lysobisphosphatidic acid

65
Q 
Glycoprotein coat components protecting lysosomes from hydrolytic
 enzymes, except:
A. LAMP
B. LIMP
C. LUPS
D. LGP
A

LUPS

66
Q

Has the most concentration of H+ (more acidic)

A

Lysosomes (>late endosomes > multivesicular bodies> early endosomes)

67
Q

Degradation of mitochondria

A

Macroautophagy

68
Q

Acetyl coA and kreb cycle occurs in

A

Mitochondrial matrix and inner membrane

69
Q

Gene in DNA copied to mRNA

A

Transcription (Translation is from mRNA to protein)

70
Q

True: smooth endoplasmic reticulum: alcohol and drug metabolism
____ :Modifies and packages proteins from RER

A

Golgi apparatus

71
Q

B-oxidation occurs in:

A

Peroxisomes (if long chain fatty acids)

72
Q

Inner nuclear membrane associated with

A

Nuclear lamina

73
Q

Outer nuclear membrane associated/continuous with

A

Rough ER

74
Q

Substances must have what in order to enter nucleus

A

Nuclear localization signal (NLS)

75
Q

Is numerous in cells such as adipose tissues:

A

Smooth ER

76
Q

Protects chromosomes during cell division and shortens every cell
division:

A

Telomeres

77
Q

Cell division in muscle and white blood cells:

A

Mitosis

78
Q

Restriction point occurs at:

A

G1

79
Q

G0 phase cell

A

Nerve cell

80
Q

Number of chromosomes at G2:

A

46 (92 if # of CHROMATIDS or DNA CONTENT ang question)

81
Q

Production of mitotic spindles and condensation of chromosomes

A

Prophase

82
Q

Alignment of chromosomes

A

Metaphase

83
Q

Crossing over of chromosome pairs

A

Pachytene

84
Q

Each sperm and egg contains

A

23 Chromosomes

85
Q

Four daughter cells produced:

A

Meiosis

86
Q

Accidental death

A

Necrosis

87
Q

Change in pH, temp, O2

A

Necrosis

88
Q

Cell swelling and lysis

A

Necrosis

89
Q

Random dna fragmentation

A

Necrosis

90
Q

cell blebbing

A

Apoptosis

91
Q

Mainly functions for support

A) epithelium
B) connective tissue
C) muscle
D) nervous

A

B) connective tissue

92
Q

Forms the muscles, bones, connective tissue:

A) endoderm
B) mesoderm
C) ectoderm

A

B) mesoderm

93
Q

Embryonic tissue

A

Mesenchyme

94
Q

Primarily parallel arranged collagen fibers

A

Dense regular CT

95
Q

Cartilage in intervertebral disks

A

Fibrocartilage

96
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Round on apical surface, flat at basal

97
Q

Epithelium lining the cavities and viscera

A

Mesothelium

98
Q

Low pressure junctions

A

Gap junctions

99
Q

Apical surface features

A

Microvilli/cilia

100
Q

Feulgen stain:

A

DNA

101
Q

Not acid stain:

A

Pyronin G

102
Q

widely used microscope in histo:

A

Brightfield

103
Q

Makes transparent tissues distinguishable

A

Staining

104
Q

Causes cross linking of proteins

A

Fixation

105
Q

Separates epithelium from underlying connective tissue:

A

Basal lamina

106
Q

Uses microtome

A

Sectioning

107
Q

Trachea lining:

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

108
Q

Surface projections present on epididymis

A

Stereocilia

HISTOLOGY - 1st Year 1st Sem Comprehensive Exam (22 decks)

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