EYES - Joe's Notes Flashcards by Donny Insular

CHIEF refractive element?

Cornea

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ANTERIOR WINDOW of light?

Cornea

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WATERY FLUID in anterior and posterior chambers?

Aqueous Humor

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MINOR role in REFRACTILE MEDIA?

Aqueous Humor

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Important in NUTRITION of cornea and lens

Aqueous Humor

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Transparent, CRYSTALLINE

Lens

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Important REFRACTIVE PART after cornea

Lens

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Lens is suspended by?

Zonules of Zinn

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Transparent GEL

Vitreous Body

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99% is water with water soluble proteins (Hyaluronic acid and Glycoprotein)

Vitreous Body

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Acts as SHOCK ABSORBER (Protects retina & MAINTAINS SHAPE of eyes)

Vitreous Body

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Embryonic origin of LENS?

Surface Ectoderm

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Embryonic origin of SPHINCTER PUPILLAE ABD DILATOR PUPILLAE MUSCLES

Neural Ectoderm

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Embryonic origin of OPTIC NERVE

Neural Ectoderm

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Embryonic origin of SCLERA

Mesoderm

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WHAT CORNEAL LAYER?

90% of CORNEAL THICKNESS, contains PROTEOGLYCANS, So4 GAGs (Keratan and Chondroitin So4)

Connective Tissue Stroma

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WHAT CORNEAL LAYER?

Single layer of SQUAMOUS CELLS, all METABOLIC EXCHANGES takes place here

Endothelium

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WHAT CORNEAL LAYER?

Fibrillar, Ends at Limbus, main role in LIMITING SPREAD OF INFECTIONS

Bowman’s Membrane

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WHAT CORNEAL LAYER?

NONKERATINIZED STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS, basal layer cells (like skin) PROLIFERATE AND REPLACE the lost surface epithelial cells

Epithelium

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WHAT CORNEAL LAYER?

BASAL LAMINA of endothelial cells, made of meshwork of fibers and pores, REGENERATES after injury (Unlike Bowman’s)

Decemet’s Membrane

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What happens if there is endothelial damage in Cornea?

Corneal Edema and Corneal Opacity

DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE of flat collagen fibers and meshwork of elastic fibers

Sclera

Which structure has the Irido-Corneal Angle For drainage of aqueous humor (Canal of Schlemm)?

Limbus

CIRCULAR BAND of SMC, Parasympathetic Control, causes REDUCED SIZE of pupil in response to LIGHT

Sphincter Pupillae

RADIALLY oriented pigmented myoepithelial cells, form anterior pigment epithelium, under SYMPATHETIC CONTROL, causes INCREASED pupillary size in response to DIM light

Dilator Pupillae

Which functional group of the ciliary muscle is for DRAINAGE OF AQUEOUS

Longitudinal

Which functional group of the ciliary muscle FLATTEN the lens for DISTANT VISION?

Radial

Which functional group of the ciliary muscle REDUCE TENSION on lens for NEAR VISION?

Circular

How many layers does the retina have?

10 regions

Where does optic nerve join the retina?

Optic Disc

This structure has important functions (ABSORBS light and reduce GLARE, BLOOD-RETINA barrier, Phagocytosis)

Retinal Pigment Epithelium

What forms the OUTER NUCLEAR LAYER of the Retina?

Nuclei of Rods and Cones

More in # (12 MILLION), MORE SENSITIVE to light

Rods *MAX. ABSORPTION: 496 nm of light

Less in # (7 MILLION), LESS SENSITIVE to light

Cones * MAX. ABSORPTION: 420 nm (Blue), 531 nm (Green) and 588 nm (Red)

Lens is BICONCAVE or BICONVEX

Biconvex

What collagen type makes up the LENS CAPSULE?

Type IV Collagen

Thin, transparnt, mucous membrane lining the POSTERIOR ASPECT of eye lid & ANTERIOR aspect of eye ball

Conjunctiva

What are the cells present in the epithelium?

- Goblet Cells - Melanocytes - Langerhans Cells - MALT

LUBRICATES the eye surface by DISTRIBUTING TEARS over the cornea

Eyelids

Other term for TARSAL GLANDS?

MEIBOMIAN GLANDS

Long sebacious glands embedded in the TARSAL PLATES?

Tarsal/Meibomian Glands

Produces an OILY LAYER on the surface of the tear film that RETARDS THE EVAPORATION of normal tear layer

Tarsal/Meibomian Glands

Blockage of Tarsal/Meibomian Glands leads to

Chalazion

Small MODIFIED sebacious glands?

Sebaceous glands of eyelashes/Gland of Zeis

Other term for SEBACEOUS GLANDS OF EYELASHES?

Glands of Zeis

Infection of Sebaceous Glands of Eyelashes/Glands of Zeis causes?

Stye or Hordeolum

Lies in DEEP SUB - conjunctival tissue of the UPPER AND LOWER FORNICES

Glands of Krause

In UPPER FORNIX, they lie between the PALPEBRAL PART of the LACRIMAL GLAND AND TARSAL PLATE

Glands of Krause

Glands of Wolfring is also called?

Glands of Ciaccio * Larger ito than Gland of Krause

Situated in the UPPER BORDER OF THE TARSUS MIDWAY between the END OF THE TARSAL GLANDS

Glands of Wolfring

ANTERIOR SEGMENT (AS) or POSTERIOR SEGMENT (PS) 1) Contents of Posterior Chamber 2) Contents of Anterior Chamber 3) Uvea 4) Cornea 5) Vitreous Chamber 6) Retinal layers, Posterior sclera

1) AS 2) AS 3) PS 4) AS 5) PS 6) PS